Basic Asking Question 5W+2H in Japanase

1. Doko : Where?
Example: テブル　どこですか。
Teburu doko desu ka. (Where is the table?)
Dimanakah letak meja?

2. Nani/Nan : What?
Example: 何ですか　
Nan desu ka. (What is it?)
Ada apa?
何をしてますか。
Nani wo shimasuka (what are you doing?)
Apa yang sedang kau kerjakan?

3. Dare : Who?
Example: だれですか
Dare desu ka. (Who is it?)

4. Siapa?
だれのかばんですか。
Dare no kaban desuka (whom bag is it?)
Tas siapa ini?

5. Naze : Why?
Example: なぜ　ですか。
Naze desu ka. (Why is it?)
 Kenapa ?

6. Itsu : When ?
Example:
電車はいつ来ますか。
Densya wa Itsu kimasu ka. (When does the train arrive?)
Kapan KRL tiba?

7. Do/Ikaga : How?
Example:
ごはん　は　ど　ですか。
gohan wa do desu ka. (How is the rice?)
Bagaimana (rasa) nasinya?

8. Ikura : How Much?
いくら　ですか。
Example: Ikura desu ka. (How much is it?)
Berapa (harganya)

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quick overview using japanese particle de で

Particle de common use in relation of place, method and object, basically we can summary of particle de in three function, they are
Indicates
1. where an action takes place (at, in)
2. method or tool used for an action (with, by)
3. the composition of an object (of, from)
Particle de digunakan untuk menyatakan
1. tempat dimana kegiatan dilakukan
2. metode atau cara melakukan kegiatan
3. komposisi, pembuatan sebuah object

For example
1. 学校(がっこう)で勉強(べんきょう)します。
Gakko de benkyou shimasu.
I study at school.
Saya belajar di sekolah

1. 工場で働く。
Koujou de hataraku
I work at factory.
Saya bekerja di pabrik.

2. 飛行機(ひこうき)でロンドンに行きました。
Hikoki de rondon ni ikimashita.
I went to London by plane.
Saya telah pergi ke London dengan pesawat.

2. 車で公園に遊びました。
Kuruma de kouen ni asobimashita.
I play on park by car.
Saya bermain ke taman dengan (menggunakan) mobil


3. バターはミルクで作(つく)ります。
Bata- wa miruku de tsukurimasu.
Butter is made from milk.
Mentega terbuat dari milk.

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Potential Verb Conjugation

Potential verb
Used to express that the verb has the ability to perform, for example, can be eaten (taberareru), can be drunk (nomeru), can be written (Kakeru), can be discarded (suterareru) and others. Rules to change the verb into verb potential are
〜る verbs
〜る　==>　〜られる
食べる (taberu)　==>　食べられる (taberareru/eatable)
捨てる(suteru) ==> 捨てられる (suterareru/discarded)
〜う verbs
u　==>　eru
読む(nomu)　 ==>　読める (nomeru/drinkable)
話す(hanasu) ==> 話せる (hanaseru/able to talk)
書く (kaku) ==>  書ける (kakeru/writable)
Irregular verbs
くる　(kuru) ==>　こられる (korareru/come)
する (suru)　 ==>　できる (dekiru / can / able to)

Alternative way of indicating potential:
v.TA + ことができる
[ex: 書いたことができる/can write]
General Note
1. verbs that already indicate potential or ability cannot be conjugated into potential form [ex: 分かる/wakeru」
2. potential/ability verbs such as 分かる、見える、聞こえる、take the particle が　not　を
3. while both the potential verb form and v.TA + ことができる are translated as "can" "able to," v.TA + ことができる carries the slightly different naunce of something being possible or impossible
4. once in the potential verb form, all verbs, regardless of whether they are initially 〜る, 〜う, or irregular function as 〜る verbs and can be conjugated accordingly to get negative, polite, past etc. forms

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Particle ni (に) used with verb

Particle Ni （に）can use to specify a target of verb, it is different with particle O (を) which the verb does something to direct object. For example the target of any motion verb is specified by NI particle.
Tips after place adverb it often use ni particle.

1. 先週彼女と日本に行った。
Sensyu kanojo to nihon ni itta
I went to japan with my girl friend last week.

2. 工場に行く。
Koujou ni iku
I go to factory

3. 家にくる
Ie ni kuru
Come to home.
In example number 3, the target particle always targets "to" rather than "from" if we want to say "come from" we can use "kara"

4. ジョンは、中国からきた。
Jon ha, chugoku kara kita.
Jon came from china.
If "kara" paired with "made" it means "up to"

5. 8 .00から15.00まで 仕事する。
8.00 kara 15.00 made shigoto suru.
I work From 8.00 until 15.00

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learning more spesific about how much, how many in japanase: ikutsu

This time we learn about how to count the goods, said the number of Japanese language, because in the Japanese language every number has its own calculation method and vocabulary, eg
For human
(dalam bahasa jepang setiap jumlah mempunyai cara dan kosakata perhitungan tersendiri), misalnya Untuk manusia
1 = hitori
2 = futari
3 = sannin
4 = yonin
5 = gonin
6 = rokunin
For bulky items such as television, radio, cars, adding dai behind the numbers
Untuk barang berukuran besar seperti televise, radio, mobil, dengan menambahkan dai di belakang angka
1 = ichi dai
2 = ni dai
3 = san dai
4 = yon dai
5 = go dai
6 = roku dai
Nan dai? = how much?
For flat objects, such as paper, clothes, photos, cardboard, post card.  By adding mai behind the numbers
Untuk benda berbentuk lembaran, seperti kertas, baju, foto, Dengan menambahkan mai di belakang angka
1 = ichi mai
2 = ni mai
3 = san mai
Nan mai = berapa lembar? / how many sheets?
To reveal a few times, use the suffix bai, for example
Untuk mengungkapkan beberapa kali, digunakan akhiran bai, contohnya
Ko hi wa ichi nichi nan bai nomimasuka = sehari berapa kali minum kopi = how many times a day drinking coffee
San bai    desu    = tiga kali, three times.

Here are some example problems about to count the goods 
1.　テレビを（１→　　　　　　　　　　）とビデオを  （２→　　　　　　　　　）買(か)いました。
Terebi o (1 - ....) to bidio o (2 ...) kaimashita
Can you answer that?
2. みかんを　(1) ikko 食(た)べました。
I eat one orange
For more complete sample about that download some problem at this link

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use the particle ni (に) in japanese sentences

1. the direction of the action (to)
学校(がっこう)に行(い)きます。
I go to school.

2. existence (in, at, on)
机(つくえ)の上(うえ)に本があります。
There is a book on the desk.

3. change of state (turn into)
信号(しんごう)が青(あお)になりました。
The traffic light has turned green.


4. time (on, in, at)
学校(がっこう)は毎日八時半(まいにちはちじはん)に始(はじ)まります。
School starts at 8.30 every morning.

5. purpose of action (in order to)
私はレストランへおすしを食べに行きました。
I went to a restaurant to eat sushi

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kakikata (how to write), suffix kata

This suffix meaning how to do something, this word use when we need more explanation about how to do some thing, like how to make something, how to write, how to eat, how to drive, how to design and etc. below is some example

1. Please, teach me how to write kana

(mohon ajari saya bagaimana cara menulis huruf kana)

かな　の　書き方を教えてください。

Kana no kakikata wo oshietekudasai.

2. I don't understand how to make dorayaki

(saya tidak tahu bagaimana membuat dorayaki)

私は　どら焼き　の　作り方　が　分かりません

Watashi ha, dorayaki no tsukurikata ga wakarimasen.

3. it's difficult to understand how to design this machine.

Bagaimana cara mendesain mesin ini sulit dipahami.

この　機械の設計し方　が　分かるのは難しいです。

Kono kikai no sekkeishikata ga wakaru no ha muzukashidesu,

Suffik "kata" digunakan untuk mengungkapkan cara, ataupun metode dalam melakukan sesuatu, misalnya cara membuat, cara menulis, cara mendesain, dan sebagainya

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explanation of dekiru-can, able to in Japanese Language

出来ますか？

Do you can?

Bisa ga?

 

Here some verb form of dekiru    

Dictionary form	Dekiru	出来る
Masu form	Dekimasu	出来ます
Nai form (negative)	Dekinai	出来ない
Masen (negative)	Dekimasen	出来ません
Reba (If possible)	Dekireba	出来れば
Tai form ( want)	Dekitai	出来たい
Ta form (past form)	Dekita	出来た
Ta form (polite)	Dekimasuta	出来ました

 

Use to explain that subject can do some thing

digunakan untuk menjelaskan bila subyek dapat mengerjakan sesuatu, atau mempunyai sesuatu kemampuan.

See some example below

 

彼女は日本語が出来ます。

Kanojyo ha nihongo ga dekimasu

She can speak Japanese.

Dia dapat berbicara bahasa Jepang

 

彼は運転が出来ます

Kare ha unten ga dekimasu.

He can drive.

Dia dapat menyetir.

 

Use with yoku

Beside use particle ga before dekimasu, yoku also use to make sentence have meaning that subyek can do well.

Tambahan yoku berarti dia sangat dapat, atau dapat melakukan dengan baik.

See some example below

 

彼女は料理が良く出来ます

Kanojyo ha ryouri ga yoku dekimasu.

She can cook well.

Dia sangat pandai/bisa memasak.

 

Negative sentence sample

私は運転が出来ない。

Watashi ha unten ga dekinai.

I cannot drive.

Saya tidak bisa menyetir.

 

For information, before dekiru / dekimasu/ dekinai, is Object (noun) + particle ga, this is basic formula using dekiru.

Rumus Umumnya sebelum dekiru digunakan Object (noun) + partikel ga.

 

Use to explain some work that finished, commonly use in intransitive verb

 

料理が出来ました。

Ryouri ga dekimashita.

The dish is finished.

Masakan sudah selesai.

 

仕事が出来ました

Shigoto ga dekimasita.

The work is finished.

Kerjaan sudah selesai.

 

空港の前に新しいホテルが出来た。

Kuukouno mae ni atarashii hoteru ga dekita.

A new hotel was completed in front of the airport.

Hotel baru selesai di bangun di depan Bandar udara.

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explanation of doko in Japanese

Explanation of doko

At previous post I says main meaning of doko is where, it's usually use to asking place, asking home, and some time have meaning what but still have relation with place.

Below some example "how and when doko is used"

1.      to obtain place or showing location.

Particles ni

木村さんがどこに住んでいますか。

Kimura san ga doko ni sunde imasuka?

Where is Mr. Kimura living?

Particles de

どこで会いますか。

Doko de aimasuka

Where shall we meet?

Particles e (he)

休みの時どこへ行きますか。

Yasumi no toki doko e ikimasuka?

Where you going when holiday?

 

2. use with demo "anywhere"

Particle demo

今日は　どこへ行きますか。

（どこでも　良いよ。）

Kyou wa doko e ikimasuka?

(doko demo iiyo)

Where (we) going now?

(Anywhere it's OK)

 

3.      use before desu, to asking "where.."

駅はどこですか。

Eki wa doko desuka.

Where is the station?

 

4.      possessive particle no

どこの電車に乗りますか。

Doko no densya ni norimasuka?

what train do you take?

 

5.      subyek and particle ga

このアパートはどこが良くないですか。

Kono apa-to ha doko ga yokunai desuka.?

Where of this apartment isn't good?

 

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