Basic Asking Question 5W+2H in Japanase

1. Doko : Where?
Example: テブル　どこですか。
Teburu doko desu ka. (Where is the table?)
Dimanakah letak meja?

2. Nani/Nan : What?
Example: 何ですか　
Nan desu ka. (What is it?)
Ada apa?
何をしてますか。
Nani wo shimasuka (what are you doing?)
Apa yang sedang kau kerjakan?

3. Dare : Who?
Example: だれですか
Dare desu ka. (Who is it?)

4. Siapa?
だれのかばんですか。
Dare no kaban desuka (whom bag is it?)
Tas siapa ini?

5. Naze : Why?
Example: なぜ　ですか。
Naze desu ka. (Why is it?)
 Kenapa ?

6. Itsu : When ?
Example:
電車はいつ来ますか。
Densya wa Itsu kimasu ka. (When does the train arrive?)
Kapan KRL tiba?

7. Do/Ikaga : How?
Example:
ごはん　は　ど　ですか。
gohan wa do desu ka. (How is the rice?)
Bagaimana (rasa) nasinya?

8. Ikura : How Much?
いくら　ですか。
Example: Ikura desu ka. (How much is it?)
Berapa (harganya)

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explanation of doko in Japanese

Explanation of doko

At previous post I says main meaning of doko is where, it's usually use to asking place, asking home, and some time have meaning what but still have relation with place.

Below some example "how and when doko is used"

1.      to obtain place or showing location.

Particles ni

木村さんがどこに住んでいますか。

Kimura san ga doko ni sunde imasuka?

Where is Mr. Kimura living?

Particles de

どこで会いますか。

Doko de aimasuka

Where shall we meet?

Particles e (he)

休みの時どこへ行きますか。

Yasumi no toki doko e ikimasuka?

Where you going when holiday?

 

2. use with demo "anywhere"

Particle demo

今日は　どこへ行きますか。

（どこでも　良いよ。）

Kyou wa doko e ikimasuka?

(doko demo iiyo)

Where (we) going now?

(Anywhere it's OK)

 

3.      use before desu, to asking "where.."

駅はどこですか。

Eki wa doko desuka.

Where is the station?

 

4.      possessive particle no

どこの電車に乗りますか。

Doko no densya ni norimasuka?

what train do you take?

 

5.      subyek and particle ga

このアパートはどこが良くないですか。

Kono apa-to ha doko ga yokunai desuka.?

Where of this apartment isn't good?

 

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learn japanese conversation,using doko

Tutorial Bahasa Jepang

dokoどこ

main meaning of doko is where, it's usually use to asking place, asking home, and some time have meaning what but still have relation whit place. See conversation belo

花村 : おはようございます。

Hanamura : ohayougozaimasu!

山本：おはよう。。。

　　　花村さんおさしぶりですね、お元気ですか。

Yamamoto :ohayou…

      Hanamura san osashiburidesune, ogenki desuka?.

花村：おかげさまで、元気ですよ、山本さんも二年ぐらいかな。。いつも忙しいのでなかなか会いませんよね。。、今、どこに住んでいますか。

Hanamura : okagesamade, genkidesu,yamamotosan mo ninenguraikana…itsumo ishogashi node naka naka aimasenne…, ima dokoni sunde imasuka?

山本：大阪、駅の西ぐちから真っ直ぐ、それで　花村さんはどこのホテル止まるんですか。

Yamamoto : oosaka, eki no nishi guchi kara massugu, sorede hanamura san ha doko no hote-ru tomarun desuka?

花村：難波ホテル、ここにこの話す続けるは良くないから。。

Hanamura : namba hoteru, kokoni kono hanasu tsudzukeruha yokunai kara …

山本：じゃ。。コーヒ飲みながら続けますか。ｈｍｍ。。ここらへんで有名な喫茶店があるかな。。。

Yamamoto : jya.. ko-hi nominagara tsudzukemasuka ?kokorahen de yumeina kissaten arukana

花村：春喫茶店有名じゃない。。

Hanamura : harukissaten yuumei jyanai?

山本：あ。。この喫茶店か、じゃ。。行きましょう。

Yamamoto : aa.. kono kissatenka, jya.. ikimasyou.!

 

English translation

Hanamura : Good Morning

Yamamoto : Morning…long time we not meet, how are you?

Hanamura : thanks, I'm alright, about 2 year we doesn't meet right? We always busy so it's difficult to meet, now where you live?

Yamamoto : Osaka,　from west exit, go straight, where do you stay now ?

Hanamura : hotel of Namba, sorry I think it's not good to continue this conversation here …

Yamamoto : jya.. let continue with drink some coffee, is there famous coffee shop around here?

Hanamura : haru coffee shop is famous isn't it ?

Yamamoto : aa.. that coffee shop, let's go there

 

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using particle itsu in Japanee Language

At this post, let's start to learn more about particle itsu in Japanese language, I try to write some example sentence using particle itsu, provide sentence both in Japanese kanji, hiragana, katakana, also in roman. Hope it's helpfully.

 

Itsu いつ

It's commonly use to ask time, depend on the sentence, it's also mean's when, what time.

Basic grammar formula it' use in front of sentence and use after Subject,

1. Form

Itsu + sentence

2. Form

Subject  wa + itsu + (kara, ga, made, and dictionary verb, like : hajimaru, owaru)

See example below

 

1.      to express question

いつこの会議始めますか。

itsu kono kaigi hajimemasuka ?

When the meeting begin?

Kapan rapat dimulai?

 

いつあそこにいますか。

Itsu asoko ni imasuka?

When are you there?

Sejak kapan kamu disana?

 

2.      use with particle kara and made.

いつからここに来ますか。

Itsu kara koko ni kimasuka?

When do you come here?

Sejak kapan kamu datang?

 

いつから日本語を勉強するんですか。

Itsu kara nihongo wo benkyousurun desuka?

When (you begin) studying Japanese language?

Sejak kapan belajar bahasa jepang?

 

いつまで東京に住んでいますか。

Itsu made toukyou ni sundeimasuka?

Until when do you live in Tokyo?

Sampai kapan anda tinggal di Tokyo?

 

3.      Use after dictionary form.

いつ食べる時間が始めますか。

Itsu taberu jikan ga hajimemasuka?

when the eats time start?

Kapan waktu makan dimulai?

 

いつ終わるのか分かりません。

Itsu owaru noka wakarimasen.

When it ends is not understood.

Kapan berakhir (aku) tidak tahu.

 

Please give some suggest, comment if you find some mistake in this tutorial, you can also send some request tutorial, as long I have time, I'll try to write it.

 

 

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particle de

particle de , で　is use to tell place, or when we want to show the place that something done, we can use formula

Place + de + Verb　/ sentence

example

東京で　働いています。
tokyo de hataraite imasu.
(I) working in tokyo

家で　ご飯を　食べます。
ie de gohan wo tabemasu.
(I) eat meal in home.

アパトで　ご飯を　作ります。
apato de gohan wo tsukurimasu
(I) make meal in apartment.

大阪で　日本語を　勉強します。
Osaka de nihongo wo benkyousimasu.
(I) learn japanese in Osaka.

コンビニ　で　コーヒを買います。
combini de kohi wo kaimasu.
(I) buy coffe in convenient store

秋葉原で　パソコンを　売ります。
akihabara de pasokon wo urimasu.
(I) sell notebook in akihabara.

after you see the pattern, be careful for this sentence
tokyo ni imasu
i'm in tokyo

becouse the meaning is veru different.

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Japanese Question Phrase

Question phrase is important, becouse if we can use question very well, maybe we should not open a conversation, below are list of sample question with phrase.

1. Who ... (だれ。。）dare ...
2. when .... （いつ。。）itsu ...
3. Where ... (どこ。。）doko ...
where to ... (どこで。。するか）dokode ... suruka
4. Which ... (どちら。。）dochira
5. What.. (何。。）nani
6. Whether .. (。。するかどうか）... surukadouka.
7. How .. (どのように。。）donoyouni ...

Ok, which those seven basic question, let's make some sentence.
1. who
-who is he ? /彼はだれ。/kare wa dare?
-who is stand near televise ? /テレービの近くに立って人はだれ。/terebi no chikakuni tatte hito wa dare?

2. When
-when you go to japan? /いつ日本へ行きますか。/itsu nihon e ikimasuka?
-When you finish this work? / いつまでこの仕事終わる出来ますか。/itsu made kono shigoto owaru dekimasuka?

3. Where
-Where you buy those book? / この本どこで買いますか。/kono hon doko de kaimasuka?
-Where did you meet your girl friend? / 彼女とどこで　会いましたか。/kanajyo to doko de aimasitaka?

4. Which
-from both this camera, which one is good?/ 二つカメラようにどちらが良いのか。/futatsu kamera youni dochira ga yoinoka?
-Which one is difficult?/どちらが　難しいですか。/dochira ga muzukashi desuka?

5. What
-what is it ? /これは何。/korewa nani?
-What will you doing? / あなたは　何かするのか/ anata wa nanika surunoka?

6. Whether
-I don't understand whether she like or not./彼女は好きかどうか分かりません。/kanojyo wa tsuki ka douka wakarimasen.

7.How
-How to make chocolate? / どのようにチョコレトを作りますか。/donoyouni chokoreto wo tsukurimasuka?

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Greetings and Daily Expressions

Ohayou gozaimasu. 　おはようございます - (Good Morning)
Konnichiwa. 　こんにちは。-　(Hello/Good afternoon.)
Konbanwa. 　こんばんは。-　(Good evening.)
Oyasuminasai. 　おやすみなさい。-　(Good night.)
Unlike English, it is mostly used before going to bed, but you can say it when your friend live to go home after party for example.
Itte kimasu いって　来ます　ー'll be back when leaving (and planning to return)
Itte rasshai いって　らっしゃい　-（Good bye )go and return -the reply to "ittekimasu", said to the person leaving
Tadaima ただいま　（I'm back )ー　by the person returning home
Okaeri nasai おあ帰りなさい　-(Welcome home ) the reply to "tadaima", to the person returning
Okaeri　お帰り - same as okaerinasai, but this non formal use.
Ogenki desu ka - お元気ですか　－ (are you well / how are you)
Doomo arigatoo gozaimasu どうも　ありがとう　ございます。- (Thank you very much)
Doo itashimashite どう　いたしまして　－　(you are welcome ) to reply arigatou
jya mata ne - じゃ　またね -　(see you)- non formal use
mata ashita - また　明日 - (see you tomorrow) - formal use

note :
People do not say "sayonara（さよなら）" when leaving their own home. "Ittekimasu（いってきます）" is normally used. The response to "Ittekimasu（いってきます）" is "Itterasshai（いってらっしゃい）". "Dewa mata（ではまた）or jya mata(じゃ　また）" is also often used as "see you later", similar to the English expression.

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Introduce your self (shokai)

Watashiwa Yamada desu
we should establish who you are. this chapter you will learn introducing your self in easy way but still polite, If you want to say "I am yamada." You would say: Watashi wa yamada desu. Watashi means 'I.' Wa is a particle which marks the subject of a sentence. It roughly means 'as for' so, the sentence translates to "As for me, I'm yamada." You can also just say "yamada desu." which just means 'I am yamada.' Men and boys can also use the form "Boku wa .... desu." Boku also means I, but is used by males only.The word 'you' in Japanese is anata, but be careful not to use it unless you're very familiar with someone as it is slightly personal. It's better to just use the person's name when referring to them.
using desu is polite when we talk to other people especially when we don't know more slightly personal, or when we talking to respect higher position people like our boss.

わたしは　やまだ　です。
Watashi wa yamada desu.
My name is yamada.

わたしは　けんしゅせい　です。
Watashi wa kensyusei desu.
I'm a student.

わたしは　にほんじんです。
Watashi wa nihon jin desu.
I'm Japanese people.

せんもん　は　はんばい　です。
Senmon wa hambai desu.
my profession is marketing

ロベト　です。
robert desu.
I am robert

ぼく　は　ロベト　です。
Boku wa robert desu.
I am robert

Conversion

Tanaka :
はじめまして。　わたしは　田中　です,どぞ　よろしく　おねがいします。
Hajimemasite, watashi wa tanaka desu.Dozo yorosiku, onegaishimasu.
How do you do, I am tanaka, Nice to meet you

Yamada :
わたしは　やまだ　です,どぞ　よろしく。
Watashi wa yamada desu.Dozo yorosiku.
I ma Yamada, Nice to meet you too.
ええと。。あなたの　くには　　タイ　ですか、　日本　ですか。
Eeto…, anatano kuni wa tai desuka, nihon desu ka.
mmmmm, your country is Tai or Japan ?

Tanaka :
日本　です、すみません。あの　ひとは　だれ　ですか？
Nihon desu, Sumimasen, ano hito wa dare desuka?
My country is japan, excuse me, who is he ?

Yamada ：
ロベトさんです。
robert san desu.
he is robert.

Tanaka ：
かいしゃは　どちら　ですか。
Kaisya wa dochira desuka.
Where is he working ?

Yamada ：DELL です。
DELL desu
at Dell

Tanaka ：
なんの　かししゃｄすか？
nanno kaisya desu ka.
What kind of Company ?

Yamada ：
コンピュター　の　かししゃ　です。
Kompyuta no kaisya desu.
Computer Company

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Japanase Number

One hundred until nine hundred

100 hyaku, 　　　百
200 nihyaku、　　二百
300 san byaku　　三百
400 yon hyaku　　四百
500 ｇo hyaku　　五百
600 rop pyaku　　六百
700 nana hyaku　　七百
800 hap pyaku　　八百
900 kyuu hyaku　九百

Thousand
1000 sen 千
2000 ni sen　二千
3000 san zen　三千
4000 yon sen　　四千
9000 kyu sen　　九千

10 000 ichi man　一万
20 000 ni man　　　二万
30 000 san man　　三万
90 000 kyu man　　九万
100 000 ju man　　十万
1000 000 hyaku man　百万
10 000 000 sen man　千万
100 000 000 ichi oku　　一おく


Ask Number
ikura and ikutsu
1. Ikura
it's used for ask price, when we buy some things, see example below
この　りんごは　いくらですか。
kono ringgo wa ikura desuka.
How Much this apple

百円　です。
hyaku en desu.
one hundred yen.

赤い本　は　いくら　ですか。
akai hon wa ikura desuka.
How much those red book.

二百　円　です。
ni hyaku en desu.
Two hundred en.

2. Ikutsu
ikutsu use for number of goods, a litle goods like hon, fruits, bullpens, etc.see example below :

この　みかん　は　いくらですか
kono mikan wa ikura desuka
How much this orange

一つ　二百　円　です。
hitotsu ni hyaku en desu.
one pieces 200 en.

these complete list
1 pieces hitotsu ひとつ
2 pieces futatsu ふたつ
3 pieces mittsu　　みっつ
4 pieces yottsu　　よっつ
5 pieces itsutsu　　いつつ　
6 pieces muttsu　　むっつ
7 pieces nanatsu　　ななつ
8 pieces yattsu　　やっつ
9 pieces kokonotsu　ここのつ
10 pieces too　　とお

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Grammar Sumary Basic

This page is not meant to be comprehensive. It is merely a brief summary of a few points about Japanese grammar that beginners might find useful. If you have no clue about Japanese grammar, this is the place to start.

Japanese Word Order
In English sentences words are generally placed SVO (subject, verb, object). Ex: The girl eats the apple. The girl is the subject, eats is the verb, and the apple is the object.

In Japanese sentences, however, words are generally arranged SOV (subject, object, verb). Ex: Kore wa pen desu. Kore (this) is the subject, desu (is) is the verb, and pen is the object. (The use of wa is explained further down this page.)

In general, the beginner can assume Japanese word order to take the form of TTOPV - Topic/Time Object Place Verb.

Just a note on translating here. When beginning to study Japanese, people often make the mistake of translating too literally. For example, a person will read 'Pen desu.', which translates in English as 'It is a pen.'. But, the person will translate it as 'Pen it is.' because they don't allow for the change in word order between the languages. It may be hard at first, but please try not to 'cut and paste' between the two languages. That will only be difficult to unlearn later on.

Articles (a, an, the)
Japanese doesn't use any equivalent of a, an, or the. In translating from English to Japanese these can simply be dropped. In translating from Japanese to English be careful to put the correct article back in though. Since Japanese doesn't use them there may be cases where more than one of the articles is OK.

For example, the sentence Inu wa koko ni iru. can mean either 'A dog is here.' or 'The dog is here.'

Nouns and Pronouns
Most Japanese nouns do not change form as they can in English. For instance, most nouns (with the exception of nouns referring to people) have no plural form. Thus 'cat' and 'cats' are both the same word neko.

There are ways to show there is more than one of something if necessary. There are counters or words like takusan (many/a lot) or samazama (various).

Pronouns also don't change form as they do in English. As an example, she, her, and hers indicate the same person. However, in Japanese she, her, and hers are all indicated with the word 'kanojo' and a particle is used to determine which of the English equivalents is being used. Pronouns do usually have a plural form.

Particles
One of the first things that often throws English speakers when studying Japanese is particles. What is a particle? Well, it's something that the English language doesn't have that Japanese does.

Particles help you tell which part of a sentence is which. Particles always follow the word or clause they modify. Particles really have no meaning on their own; they just serve to modify sections of a sentence. (Some particles have a rough equivalent in English if they are of the 'preposition' variety.)

One of the most basic mistakes when starting to learn Japanese is to 'translate' the particles. Unfortunately there is often no good English equivalent. (For instance, Japanese uses a spoken question mark.) Thus translating too literally will make the English tend to come out strange. It may be difficult for English speakers who are used to every word having meaning, but try and think of most particles more as 'function' words as opposed to 'meaningful' words.

Counters
As stated in the nouns section, most words in Japanese do not have a 'plural' form. Instead different types of things have different counters. This is something similar to saying 'five glasses of water' in English. You wouldn't just say 'five water'. The difference with Japanese is that everything requires this type of qualifier. To see some types of counters, see the Counters page.

Name Suffixes
There are several name suffixes that are generally added to the end of names in Japanese.

-San is the usual suffix placed after names. It is a respectful term. This suffix is kind of like Ms. or Mr. but it is gender-neutral and makes no reference to marital status. -San should never be used after your own name.

-Sama is a more honorific form of -san. This is most often heard in the word okyaku-sama, honored guest/customer.

-Chan is a diminutive form of -san. It is usually used after the given name of close friends or younger family members. It is also used after the names of pets.

-Kun is a casual suffix. It is usually used after the names of peers in a casual situation. In schools, boys will often be addressed by this suffix. In office situations, higher ups will often address subordinates with this suffix.

All of the suffixes can be used for either sex. -San and -sama are also often used after titles in addition to names. The example of okyaku-sama is given above.

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