explanation of dekiru-can, able to in Japanese Language

出来ますか？

Do you can?

Bisa ga?

 

Here some verb form of dekiru    

Dictionary form	Dekiru	出来る
Masu form	Dekimasu	出来ます
Nai form (negative)	Dekinai	出来ない
Masen (negative)	Dekimasen	出来ません
Reba (If possible)	Dekireba	出来れば
Tai form ( want)	Dekitai	出来たい
Ta form (past form)	Dekita	出来た
Ta form (polite)	Dekimasuta	出来ました

 

Use to explain that subject can do some thing

digunakan untuk menjelaskan bila subyek dapat mengerjakan sesuatu, atau mempunyai sesuatu kemampuan.

See some example below

 

彼女は日本語が出来ます。

Kanojyo ha nihongo ga dekimasu

She can speak Japanese.

Dia dapat berbicara bahasa Jepang

 

彼は運転が出来ます

Kare ha unten ga dekimasu.

He can drive.

Dia dapat menyetir.

 

Use with yoku

Beside use particle ga before dekimasu, yoku also use to make sentence have meaning that subyek can do well.

Tambahan yoku berarti dia sangat dapat, atau dapat melakukan dengan baik.

See some example below

 

彼女は料理が良く出来ます

Kanojyo ha ryouri ga yoku dekimasu.

She can cook well.

Dia sangat pandai/bisa memasak.

 

Negative sentence sample

私は運転が出来ない。

Watashi ha unten ga dekinai.

I cannot drive.

Saya tidak bisa menyetir.

 

For information, before dekiru / dekimasu/ dekinai, is Object (noun) + particle ga, this is basic formula using dekiru.

Rumus Umumnya sebelum dekiru digunakan Object (noun) + partikel ga.

 

Use to explain some work that finished, commonly use in intransitive verb

 

料理が出来ました。

Ryouri ga dekimashita.

The dish is finished.

Masakan sudah selesai.

 

仕事が出来ました

Shigoto ga dekimasita.

The work is finished.

Kerjaan sudah selesai.

 

空港の前に新しいホテルが出来た。

Kuukouno mae ni atarashii hoteru ga dekita.

A new hotel was completed in front of the airport.

Hotel baru selesai di bangun di depan Bandar udara.

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using phrase sika (しか） - japanese tutorial

shika usually use to express, only or no more than, it can use for people and things, it can use after subject, object, number or counter, after V.ru (dictionary form), and after some particle . The basic grammar and formula for shika is only one, it's usually use with negative sentence. Here some example

1. use after subject

彼女しか会議のときに遅れませんでした。

Kanojyo sika kaigi no toki ni okuremasendeshita.

Only she was late when meeting begin.

Nobody but she came late at the meeting.

Hanya dia yang terlambat ketika rapat.

 

2. use after object

コーヒしか飲めません。

Ko-hi sika nomemasen.

Only coffee can be drunk.

Hanya kopi yang bisa diminum

村川さんは卵しか食べません。

Murasawasan ha tamago sika tabemasen.

Murasawa eats nothing but egg.

Only egg that Murasawa can eats,

Bpk. Murasawa hanya bisa makan telor.

 

3. use after particle

ここまでしか歩けません。

Koko made sika arukemasen.

It is possible to walk only here.

Hanya bisa berjalan kaki sampai sini

今夜は６時にしか食事しません。

Konya ha 6 ji ni sika syokujisimasen.

It eats only at six o'clock tonight.

(kita) hanya bisa makan sampai jam 6 malam

 

4. after dictionary (v.ru)

この紙で書くしかありません。

Kono kami de kaku sika arimasen,

We can write only with this paper.

Kita hanya bisa menulis dengan kertas ini

 

赤い電車で乗るしか出来ません。

Akai densya de noru sika dekimasen.

It is possible only to get on with a red train.

Hanya bisa pergi dengan kereta merah.

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expression trough using o thoosite

Wo + tooshite is use in formal adverbial phrase, it's meaning some method, other purpose, but also..

It's use in after Noun

See example below

Watashitachi no manada wo tooshite iroiro na koto ga wakatte kita.

私たちの学んだを通していろいろなことが　わかって来た。

Trough our study/ learn, various fact to be known

 

 

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Japanese expression various meaning of "aida", during, while, for long time

aida, あいだ、 have various meaning, the truth meaning of aida is between, for example

A: ﾚｲｿﾞｺﾝ　は　どこにあるか。
rezokon ha dokoniaruka?
where is the refrigerator?
dimana kulkasnya ?

B : テブルとドア　の間よ。
teburuto doa no aida yo.
it's located at between table and door.
di antara meja dan pintu.

Other meaning of aida (間)
the other meaning that i mean it's like :
while, during, (selama, sedang)
aida can mean during, or while, when aida use to express during or while before aida is V.ru from / dictionary from, see example below
会議やっている　あいだ　静かにしてください。
kaigi yatte iru aida shizukani site kudasai.
please be quit, during the meeting.
mohon tenang selama rapat berlangsung.

食べるあいだ　タバコを　すわないでください。
taberu aida tabako wo tsuwanaide kudasai.
please don't smoking while eat.
Jangan merokok bila sedang makan.

for long time and for short time
aida can also have meaning for long time when it use together with nagai, the basic formula is
for long time - 長いあいだ　- Nagai aida - lama
for short time - 短いあいだ　- mijikai aida - sebentar.

for example
長いあいだ　会いませんでしたね。
nagai aida aimasendeshitane.
forlong time (we) doesn't meet.
lama ga ketemu yah

短いあいだしても　ちゃんと話されるですね。
mijikai aida sitemo chanto hanasareru desu ne.
although for short time, we talk well.
walau sebentar, kita ngobrolin banyak yah.

Other example
other example like, shigotono aida... (仕事のあいだ), it's same with isogashi naka (急がし中) that have meaning while you work, or in your busy time.

Note :
aida dapat bermakna sebentar dan lama bila di gabung dengan mijikai dan nagai, arti dari aida lebih lanjut bisa dilihat dari konteks dan isi pembicaraan.

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Japanese Question Phrase

Question phrase is important, becouse if we can use question very well, maybe we should not open a conversation, below are list of sample question with phrase.

1. Who ... (だれ。。）dare ...
2. when .... （いつ。。）itsu ...
3. Where ... (どこ。。）doko ...
where to ... (どこで。。するか）dokode ... suruka
4. Which ... (どちら。。）dochira
5. What.. (何。。）nani
6. Whether .. (。。するかどうか）... surukadouka.
7. How .. (どのように。。）donoyouni ...

Ok, which those seven basic question, let's make some sentence.
1. who
-who is he ? /彼はだれ。/kare wa dare?
-who is stand near televise ? /テレービの近くに立って人はだれ。/terebi no chikakuni tatte hito wa dare?

2. When
-when you go to japan? /いつ日本へ行きますか。/itsu nihon e ikimasuka?
-When you finish this work? / いつまでこの仕事終わる出来ますか。/itsu made kono shigoto owaru dekimasuka?

3. Where
-Where you buy those book? / この本どこで買いますか。/kono hon doko de kaimasuka?
-Where did you meet your girl friend? / 彼女とどこで　会いましたか。/kanajyo to doko de aimasitaka?

4. Which
-from both this camera, which one is good?/ 二つカメラようにどちらが良いのか。/futatsu kamera youni dochira ga yoinoka?
-Which one is difficult?/どちらが　難しいですか。/dochira ga muzukashi desuka?

5. What
-what is it ? /これは何。/korewa nani?
-What will you doing? / あなたは　何かするのか/ anata wa nanika surunoka?

6. Whether
-I don't understand whether she like or not./彼女は好きかどうか分かりません。/kanojyo wa tsuki ka douka wakarimasen.

7.How
-How to make chocolate? / どのようにチョコレトを作りますか。/donoyouni chokoreto wo tsukurimasuka?

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Vru youni, V.nai youni, To do (verb)

there are various ways to express purpose or something to do, this pattern also can use to express our purpose, see the pattern below :

V.ru youni , sentence 2
or
V.ru nai youni, sentence 2

this pattern also can be use to connecting other sentence, see the example below :
1. 学生にも分かるように、先生はやさしいで　説明します。
gakusei nimo wakaru youni, sensei wa yasashii de setsumeisimasu.
student has to understand, teacher explain clearly.

2. かぜをひかないように、良く食べてください。
kazewo hikanaiyouni, yoku tabete kudasai.
to prevent cold、please eat well.

3. 英語出来るように、毎晩本を読む。
eigo dekiru youni, maiban hon o yomu.
to able to (speak) English language, every night read (English) book

Vocabulary / kotoba / 言葉
学生　：　gakusei : student
先生　： sensei : teacher
説明する　：　setsumei suru : explain
かぜ　：kaze : cold
食べる　: taberu : eat
出来る　：　dekiru : can, able to
毎晩　：maiban : every night
本　：　hon : book

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before .. / mae ni

to explain something what we do or done before something, we can use mae ni (前に), this expression used to explain V1 before v2. see the example below :

寝る　前に　ドアを閉めなさい。
neru maeni doa wo simenasai.
Closed the door before going to bed.

私は日本へ来る前に少し日本語を　勉強しました。
watashi wa, nihon e kuru maeni sukoshi nihongo wo benkyoushimasita.
I have learned Japanese for a little, Before I came to Japan.

昨日会社に行く前に　銀行　に　行った。
kinou kaisya ni iku maeni ginkou ni itta.
yerterday i went to bank before went to office.

now let's try make your own sentence.
ganbatte!!

vocabulary
日本 = nihon = japan
会社　= kaisya = company, office, depend on sentence
寝る = neru = sleep
来る　= kuru = come
勉強する　= benkyou suru = to learn, to study.

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V.naide, without V.ing, instead V.ing

after verb + naide (ないで),when first sentence have negative format with te form (て）is often followed by another sentence and some times, indicate a manner or situation that carried out. see the example below

日本で、何も　言わないで食事を　始めるは　良くない。
nihonde, nanimo iwanaide syokuji o hajimeru wa yokunai.
in japan, its not good to begin a meal without saying anything.

今朝から　何も食べないで　歩いては　行けません。
kesa kara nanimotabenaide aruite ha ikemasen.
(i)can not walking without eat anything from this morning.

図書館へ行かないので、家で勉強する学生もいる　。
tosyokan e ikanainode ie de benkousuru gakuseimo iru.
they are students who study at home instead of going to library.

勉強しないで、試験を受けるのはよくない。
benkyousinaide, siken wo ukeruno wa yokunai
it's not good take the exam without studying first.

ok, this phrase is intermediate grammar, so mybe a little confusing and difficult, Ganbatte !!

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it's important to - taisetsu desu

to express something important, we should use this phrase

it is important to ...
... する　こと　は大切です
... suru koto wa taisetsu desu.

when says something important, placed your sentence before suru koto , here for the example :

Learn physics is important
物理学を学ぶが大切です。
butsurigaku wo manabu ga taisetsu desu.

it is important to study Japanese every day
日本語を毎日勉強すること　は大切です。
nihongo o mainichi benkyousuru koto wa taisetsu desu.

practicing sport's regularly is important
スポーツの練習を定期的に　すること　は　大切です。
supo-tsu no rensyuu wo teikiteki ni suru koto wa taisetsu desu.

for the last example we can also said without suru koto :
supo-tsu no rensyuu wo teikiteki ni wa taisetsu desu

Have Nice Benkyou !

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in general , ippan ni

In general often use when we speaking, we will use when explain something that doesn't know the exact number. see example below to get more explanation about word "In general"

General Training　
一般研修
ippan kensyuu


何時一般研修始めるか
nanji ippankensyuu hajimeruka.
What time the general training start?

In General
一般に
ippanni


Example
一般に日本語は英語より　難しいです
ippanni nihongo wa eigo yori muzukashiidesu.
in generally Japanese is more difficult than english.

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te (form) + mite , i want to try to

when we buy something, like clothes,shoes, television, computer and others, some times we want to try before we decide to buy it. we can use this phrase formula

Verb te (form) + mite
(I) want to try + ...


for the example :
1. i want to try to read this book
この　本　を　読んで　見たい　です。
kono hon wo yonde mitai desu.

2. can i try this computer ?
この　パソコン　を　使って　見ても　良いですか
kono pasokon wo tsukatte mitemo iidesuka

3. try to remember
思い出して　見て
omoidasite mite

4. try to walking
歩いて　見て
aruite mite

5. please.., try to understand me
私に　分かって　見て　くれて　だよ、お願い
watashini wakatte mite kurete dayo, onegai

let's learn with picture, this picture below shown Mr. takayama (TK) want to try the jacket before decide to buy it

see the dialog below
TK : この　ジャケト　きれいですね。すみません　この　ジャケト　きて見ても　良いですか？
kono jaketo kirei desune. sumimasen kono jaketo kitemitemo ii desuka
hmm... this jaket is beautiful, excuse me, can i try this jaket?

A : 良いですよ、あそこの　へや　はいて　いただきませんか。
iidesuyo, asokono heya haite itadakimasenka
yes sure, please use change room over there

TK：ああ。。　ありがとう。
aaa.... arigatou
Thanks


second picture is shown some one ask to try to eat the cake that was she make.


for this situation those women will says :
Please try to eat this cake
この　ケーキ　食べて見て　ください。
kono ke-ki tabete mite kudasai.

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Complete explanation of Tokoro Desu

at this blog was explain that phrases contains tokoro desu, consist of three parts they are :

1. dictonary form + tokoro desu.
2. te form + iru tokoro desu.
3. ta form + tokoro desu.

the true meaning of tokoro is place, but if joint with others sentence and phrases, the meaning was change, see more at posting before about tokoro desu.

to explain more clearly what the different of each phrases iru tokoro see this picture below
1. dictonary form + tokoro desu.

those picture shown someone prepare to eating, at those time the right expression is
taberu tokoro desu
食べる　ところ　です

2. te form + iru tokoro desu.


at those picture you see that somebody eating something, this condition is perfect when we use te from + tokoro desu.so the right expression is

tabete iru tokoro desu
食べて　いる　ところです

3. ta form + tokoro desu.


those picture shown that somebody have just already ate, at this situation the right expression is

tabeta tokoro desu
食べた　ところ　です。

from explanation in each post about tokoro desu, and this post, we hope this explanation more completely and easy to understanding.

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How ... , how long, how to -donogurai,do noyouni

to ask How in Japaneses Language, we can say with Do no youni , but if your sentence after how to is verb for example : how to read, how to write, is more easy to understand for Japanese people when you say with (...kata), see more example below

How to take this picture
dono youni kono kazou wo torimasuka

どのように この画像を取りますか。

How to make this cake
do no youni kono ke-ki wo tsukuru?

どのようにこのケーキを作る

sentence below use ... + kata to express how to + ..., learn the different with last sentence,

how to use this machine
kono kikai no tsukai kata wa dou desuka?
この　機械　の　使い方　は　どうですか。

how to write kanji ?
kanji no kakikata wa doudesuka ?
かんじ　の　書き方　は　どうですか。

How long
to express how long ... diffent with both of ... kata and dono youni, but use Dono gurai, for example

How long have you been here ?
donogurai koko ni irunoka.
donogurai koko ni imasuka.
どの　ぐらい　ここに　いるのか。

How much time will it take?
donogurai jikan ga kakarimasuka
どのぐらい　時間　が　かかりますか

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Mr. yamaguchi give me a book - ... watashini kureta

reverse from previous post, at this post we will learn to express givenness from any body to our, as you can see at the title.

Mr. yamaguchi give me a book
yamaguchi san wa watashini hon o kuremashita.
山口さん　は　私に　本を　くれました。

why use kuremashita, remember the rule that ageru, agemasu or agemashita (in past form) can not use to express givenness to our self. then how to express ? you must says with kuremashita, kureta. the formula is

A (names/she/he) + give + me + .. (Noun)
A (names/she/he) + wa + watashi ni+ ..(Noun) o + kuremashita

see more example below
先生は　私に　カメラを　くれました
sensei ha watashini kamera o kuremasita
teacher give me camera

村さんは　私に　二つりんごを　くれました
murasan ha watashini futatsuringo o kuremasita
Mr. mura give me twice apple

那賀林さん　は　私に　赤い靴　を　くれた。
kobayashisan ha watashini akai kutsu o kureta.
Mr.Kobayashi give me a red shoes.

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i give book to mr yanagi - watashiha .... agemashita

This topic is about how to express givenness or appropriations, the sample example you can see as in title, i give book to mr. yanagi in japanese we could say

watashi wa yanagi san ni hon o agemashita
私はやなぎ　さん　に　本を　上げました。

from those example here the formula to express givenness.

i give+..(A).+ to + ....(names/she/he)
私は　(names/she/he) に+ (A)を　上げます（あげます）。

if the action is past action, you must says it in past to
here the others example

1. i give ballpoint to Mrs. yuki
watashiwa Yuki san ni borupen wo agemashita
私は　雪さん　に　ボルペン　を　あげました。

2. I give cake to Mr.nomura
watashiwa Mr.nomura san ni ke-ki wo agemashita
私は　野村　さん　に　ケーキ　を　あげました。

3. I give a jacket to sora.
boku ha sora kun ni jaketo wo ageta
ぼく　は　空くん　に　ジャケト　を　上げた。

now try to make a sentence by your self.

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ga dekimasu, i can..., able to

the simple way to express that we can do something is by "... ga dekimasu" it's mean i can.. or i able to, for the example, i can drive, you can says "watashiwa unten ga dekimasu" or " unten suru koto ga dekimasu" see more example below

if we using Noun the basic grammar that we must use is
N + ga dekimasu
ができます
able to ...

if we using verb the basic grammar formula is
(Dictionary form) verb + koto ga dekimasu
。。。　ことができます
can., able to...

example
私はかんじ　が　読めることができます。
watashi ha kanji ga yomeru koto ga dekimasu.
i able to read kanji

私は感じが　書くことができます。
watashi ha kanji ga kaku kotoga dekimasu
i able to write kanji.

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tara ii desu ka, ..should....

this the others basic grammar in Japanese, ... tara ii desu ka, it's mean "... should have ...", but it's sometimes hove more meaning than that, so let's see example below to learn more.

Where should (I) ...
Doko .... tara idesuka

for example
Doko de kutsu wo kattara ii desuka
どこで　靴　を　買ったら　いいですか？
where should i buy shoes ?

doko de hon wo karitara ii desuka
どこで　本を　借りたら　いいですか。
where should i borrow the book ?

When should ...
itsu... tara ii desuka

example sentence
itsu kono posokon wo kittara ii desuka
いつ　この　パサコン　を　切ったら　いいですか
when i should turn of this computer ?

itsu kono akai botan wo ositara ii desuka
いつ　この　赤い　ボタン　を　押したら　いいですか。
when i should click this red button ?

What Should i do
Do shitara ii desuka

this simple expression is important, especially when we late, or we confuse what must we do if something wrong happen, basically by says " do shitara ii desuka" nihonjin (japanese people) was understand that you in confusing,
this more complete example

時間に　間に合わない　とこ　どしたら　いいですか。
jikan ni maniawanai toki doshitara ii desuka?
if i have late, what should i do ?

困った　ことが　あれば　どしたら　いいですか。
komatta koto ga areba doshitara iidesuka
if ia has troubled what should i do?

this various simple expression i hope useful for you, keep studying
勉強しましょう！！

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please... ( te-form) + kudasai

now we was learn about te-form, what for, this one of the ~te form structure is "~ te kudasai （～てください）," which expresses a request.

.... てください
... tekudasai
please .....

see more example below

1. 書いて　ください。kaite kudasai ーplease write.
２．読んで　ください。yonde kudasai - please read.
3. 食べて　ください。　tabete kudasai - please eat.
4. 来て　ください。　kite kudasai - please come, japanese people same times says " mata kite kudasai" it's mean " please come again "
5. 飲んで　ください。　nonde kudasai - please drink.
6. 教えて　ください。　oshiete kudasai - please teach (me).
7. 勉強して　ください。　benkyouhite kudasai - study please.
8. 待って　ください。 matte kudasai - please wait.
9. 立って　ください。　tatte kudasai - please stand up.
10. 言って　ください。　itte kudasai - please tell.
11. 見せて　ください。　misete kudasai - please　show.
12. 貸して　ください。kashite kudasai　please rent.
13. 見て　ください。 mite kudasai - please look.

now let's learn more with sentence
1. ちょっと　待って　ください。 chotte matte kudasai - please wait a minute, or more polite when we says しょしょ　待って　ください　－　shosho matte kudasai, it mean please wait a while.
2. ゆっくり　話して　ください。　yukkuri hanashite kudasai. －　please talk slowly.
3.　ボルペン　貸して　ください。　borupen kashite kudasai. - please borrow me a bullpens.

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hajime ha, first...

this word, Hajime (始め） written, speel with hajimewa, it's has meaning first.., but some times, it's should be first time or first of all, it's depend of the sentence that we use, let's learn it by use the sentence

X : how your japanese ?
あなたの　日本語は　どう　ですか？
　　anatano nihongo ha dou desuka?
Y : first time i can not speak at all
始めは　ぜんぜん　話しません。
　　　hajimewa zensen hanasjimasen
X : how about hiragana and katakana ? you can write and read it ?
ひらがなと　かたかな　は　どうですか？もよめますか？かけますか？
hiragana to katakana ha doudesuka? mouyomemasuka? kakemasuka?
Y : i can read and write hiragana, but.. i can not write katakana
ひらがな　は　かくとよめることができる　でも　かたかなは　かけません。
　　　hiragana wa kaku koku to yomeru ga dekiru demo katakana wa kakemasen

初めて
First Time
if we want to say it's first time in japanese, you can say hajimete desu

X: in this year i was twice go to japan, how about you?
今年は二回日本へ　行きました。あなたはどう？
　　kotoshi ha nikai nihon he ikimasita, anata ha dou ?
Y : it's fisrt time
初めてです。
　　hajimete desu.

oke, below is more about same useful phrase or words, hope you like it to improve your japanese

First week
最初週(さいしょしゅう)
saisyoshu

first love
最初愛(さいしょあい)
saisyoai

first year
最初年(さいしょどし)
saisyodoshi

first day
最初日(さいしょび)
saisyobi

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what you doing ?

tanaka is teacher is senior high sechool, when he give same practice to his student, he found yamada doing something wrong

tanaka : yamada kun, nani wo yatte irun da?
yamada : ah.. eeto.. origamai desu
tanaka : origami..!! ima wa mathematic no rensyu da yo
yamada : so desuka..
tanaka : un, jya kono tesuto yatte mitte
yamada : watashi desu ka ?
tanaka : mochiron, hayaku..!!
yamada : demo chotto.. mathematic ha omosirokunai sensei
tanaka : kankei nai.. yatte miyo !
yamada : hai... ganbarimasu..

here is translation in Inglis

tanaka : yamada what you doing now!!
yamada : ah.. making origami
tanaka : arigami, now is time for mathematic lesson
yamada : are you sure
tanaka : youp, now do it this test sheet
yamada : for me ?
tanaka : of course, do it faster
yamada : but.. teacher mathematic is not interesting for me
tanaka : no relation, let's do it
yamada : oke, i will

here is the grammar for v. ing
in japanese v.ing usually use following grammar
te form + imasu (polite)
te from + iru

here some example
what you doing
nani wo yatte iru da?
nani wo yatte imasuka ? (polite)

i am eating rice now
watashi ha gohan wo tabate irum desu
watashi ha gohan wo tabete imasu (polite)

i learning kanji now
watashi ha kanji wo benkyou shite imasu
watashi ha kanji wo benkyou shite iru

how to make or convert te from from dictionary form ?
see other tutorial

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