Potential Verb Conjugation

Potential verb
Used to express that the verb has the ability to perform, for example, can be eaten (taberareru), can be drunk (nomeru), can be written (Kakeru), can be discarded (suterareru) and others. Rules to change the verb into verb potential are
〜る verbs
〜る　==>　〜られる
食べる (taberu)　==>　食べられる (taberareru/eatable)
捨てる(suteru) ==> 捨てられる (suterareru/discarded)
〜う verbs
u　==>　eru
読む(nomu)　 ==>　読める (nomeru/drinkable)
話す(hanasu) ==> 話せる (hanaseru/able to talk)
書く (kaku) ==>  書ける (kakeru/writable)
Irregular verbs
くる　(kuru) ==>　こられる (korareru/come)
する (suru)　 ==>　できる (dekiru / can / able to)

Alternative way of indicating potential:
v.TA + ことができる
[ex: 書いたことができる/can write]
General Note
1. verbs that already indicate potential or ability cannot be conjugated into potential form [ex: 分かる/wakeru」
2. potential/ability verbs such as 分かる、見える、聞こえる、take the particle が　not　を
3. while both the potential verb form and v.TA + ことができる are translated as "can" "able to," v.TA + ことができる carries the slightly different naunce of something being possible or impossible
4. once in the potential verb form, all verbs, regardless of whether they are initially 〜る, 〜う, or irregular function as 〜る verbs and can be conjugated accordingly to get negative, polite, past etc. forms

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explanation of dekiru-can, able to in Japanese Language

出来ますか？

Do you can?

Bisa ga?

 

Here some verb form of dekiru    

Dictionary form	Dekiru	出来る
Masu form	Dekimasu	出来ます
Nai form (negative)	Dekinai	出来ない
Masen (negative)	Dekimasen	出来ません
Reba (If possible)	Dekireba	出来れば
Tai form ( want)	Dekitai	出来たい
Ta form (past form)	Dekita	出来た
Ta form (polite)	Dekimasuta	出来ました

 

Use to explain that subject can do some thing

digunakan untuk menjelaskan bila subyek dapat mengerjakan sesuatu, atau mempunyai sesuatu kemampuan.

See some example below

 

彼女は日本語が出来ます。

Kanojyo ha nihongo ga dekimasu

She can speak Japanese.

Dia dapat berbicara bahasa Jepang

 

彼は運転が出来ます

Kare ha unten ga dekimasu.

He can drive.

Dia dapat menyetir.

 

Use with yoku

Beside use particle ga before dekimasu, yoku also use to make sentence have meaning that subyek can do well.

Tambahan yoku berarti dia sangat dapat, atau dapat melakukan dengan baik.

See some example below

 

彼女は料理が良く出来ます

Kanojyo ha ryouri ga yoku dekimasu.

She can cook well.

Dia sangat pandai/bisa memasak.

 

Negative sentence sample

私は運転が出来ない。

Watashi ha unten ga dekinai.

I cannot drive.

Saya tidak bisa menyetir.

 

For information, before dekiru / dekimasu/ dekinai, is Object (noun) + particle ga, this is basic formula using dekiru.

Rumus Umumnya sebelum dekiru digunakan Object (noun) + partikel ga.

 

Use to explain some work that finished, commonly use in intransitive verb

 

料理が出来ました。

Ryouri ga dekimashita.

The dish is finished.

Masakan sudah selesai.

 

仕事が出来ました

Shigoto ga dekimasita.

The work is finished.

Kerjaan sudah selesai.

 

空港の前に新しいホテルが出来た。

Kuukouno mae ni atarashii hoteru ga dekita.

A new hotel was completed in front of the airport.

Hotel baru selesai di bangun di depan Bandar udara.

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using phrase sika (しか） - japanese tutorial

shika usually use to express, only or no more than, it can use for people and things, it can use after subject, object, number or counter, after V.ru (dictionary form), and after some particle . The basic grammar and formula for shika is only one, it's usually use with negative sentence. Here some example

1. use after subject

彼女しか会議のときに遅れませんでした。

Kanojyo sika kaigi no toki ni okuremasendeshita.

Only she was late when meeting begin.

Nobody but she came late at the meeting.

Hanya dia yang terlambat ketika rapat.

 

2. use after object

コーヒしか飲めません。

Ko-hi sika nomemasen.

Only coffee can be drunk.

Hanya kopi yang bisa diminum

村川さんは卵しか食べません。

Murasawasan ha tamago sika tabemasen.

Murasawa eats nothing but egg.

Only egg that Murasawa can eats,

Bpk. Murasawa hanya bisa makan telor.

 

3. use after particle

ここまでしか歩けません。

Koko made sika arukemasen.

It is possible to walk only here.

Hanya bisa berjalan kaki sampai sini

今夜は６時にしか食事しません。

Konya ha 6 ji ni sika syokujisimasen.

It eats only at six o'clock tonight.

(kita) hanya bisa makan sampai jam 6 malam

 

4. after dictionary (v.ru)

この紙で書くしかありません。

Kono kami de kaku sika arimasen,

We can write only with this paper.

Kita hanya bisa menulis dengan kertas ini

 

赤い電車で乗るしか出来ません。

Akai densya de noru sika dekimasen.

It is possible only to get on with a red train.

Hanya bisa pergi dengan kereta merah.

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obtaining purpose using tame (ni)

long time not post in this blog, now i try to update, below is link for download the update file, i write in indonesian language, if i have a time, i'll convert it into English language

if you Indonesian or Malay People click link below to download the tutorial

tameni download

tameni can use to obtain a purpose, the purpose usually have caused relation, like correlation using "for"

for example
for become number one in class i studying Japanese well
kurasu de ichiban naru tameni, nihongo wo yoku benkyousuru.
クラス　で　一番なるために、日本語　を　良く　勉強する。

always remember that before TAME (NI) is V.ru or dictionary form, if you using verb before tameni, some times particles no also use when using Noun before TAME (ni)




hope this simple explanation is use full

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as son as using shidai

shidai 次第、it's same with .. tara sugi, after something i will doing another think as soon as possible. shidai also include conjunction verb. here some sample sentence using shidai

after V.masu
この電車は松本着き次第、長野へ行く。
kono densya ha matsumoto tsuki shidai, nagano he iku.
as soon this train get Matsumoto will going to Nagano.
setelah sampai Matsumoto kereta ini segera ke Nagano.

この本は読み次第　あなたに送りたします。
kono hon ha yomi shidai anatani okuritasimasu.
I will send this book as soon as possible after has read it.
saya akan mengirim buku ini kepada anda segera setelah saya selesai membacanya.


after Noun
帰国次第　お電話を差し上げます。
kikai shidai odenwa wo sashiagemasu.
I will call you as soon as i get my country.

秋葉原　で　到着　次第　電話してください。
akihabara de toucyaku shidai denwashite kudasai.
please call as soon after arrived at akihabara.
mohon telpon secepatnya ketiksa sampai di Akihabara.

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express although using to iu noni

というのに　to iu noni can use to express although, this grammar is one type of verb conjugation, to indicate that one action/state takes places is quiet contrary to one expected, some formula that can use with to iu noni are

V.ru /V.ta (dictionary/past form) + To iu noni
N + To iu noni
Adj N + da + to iu noni
Adj I + to iu noni

OK, from formula above let's make some sentence

1. ii tenki to iu noni doko mo ikenai.
いい天気というのに　どこも　行けない。
although weather is fine i can't go anywahere.
walau hari ini cuaca bagus saya tidak bisa pergi kemana-mana.

sample one is using adjective I before to iu noni.

2. sensei ga waza waza hon wo kasite kudasatta to iu noni, yomimasitaka ?
先生が　わざわざ　本を 貸して下さった　というのに、読みましたか。
Your teacher kindly loaned a book to (you), (but) you haven't read it?
gurumu sudah meminjami buku bagus, tapi kamu tidak membacanya ya?

sample two is using past from (kudasatta) before to iu noni it's indicate that object (book/hon/本) was loaned. we can't use dictionary from (V.ru - kudasaru) becouse the meaning of the sentence is past.

3.tomodachi ga kuru toiunoni kare ga ie kara deta.
友達がくる　というのに　彼が　家から出た。
although he's friends will coming he went out.
walau temannya mau datang dia keluar rumah.

third sample is using V.ru a dictionary from before to iu noni, why becouse he's friend will coming it's mean doesn't coming yet. he's friend will coming is future form. becouse that use V.ru dictionary from before to iu noni is right choice, when we use past from, V.ta in third sample above the meaning of sentence will change " that he's friends was came"

oke for other example try to make sentences using phrase below

although it is dangerous
危ないというのに。。
abunai to iu noni ..

although it is beautiful
きれいだというのに。。
kireida to iu noni ..

To Iu Noni
adalah phrase yang termasuk intermediate grammar, digunakan sebagai kata sambung yang mempunyai arti walaupun, meskipun, yang kata pertama dan kata kedua mempunyai arti yang berlawanan. sebelum kata to iu noni bisa kata kerja bentuk kamus, bentuk lampau, kata sifat i, kata sifat na + da.

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v. ta totan, after doing that ...

totan can mean .. surutosuguni (するとすぎに）　or it mean that after we doing A we doing B, it's simple grammar but something that must remember is that before totan (とたん) is always Verb.ta form, look at simple formula below

V.ta + Totan
after that


todan, is also intermediate grammar for JLPT (Japan Language Proficiency Test) level 2,
here some example sentence using totan

彼女は　部屋を入ったとたん　ご飯を　食べた。
kanojyo ha heya wo haita totan gohan wo taberu
she eeting rice after enter the room
dia setelah masuk kamar langsung makan

外へ出たとたん、雨が　降りました。
soto he deta totan ame ga furimashita.
while gone to out side the rain come.
hujan turun begitu keluar.

i think 2 example is enough, becouse ta totan is not very difficult

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sonkeigo, japanese language onomatopoeic

when i learn Japanese Language, this one is very interesting why becouse a lot of fun when learn onomatopoeic, what is onomatopoeic?
In many of the world's languages, onomatopoeia-like words are used to describe phenomena apart from the purely auditive. Japanese often utilizes such words to describe feelings or figurative expressions about objects or concepts. For instance, Japanese barabara is used to reflect an object's state of disarray or separation, and shiiin is the onomatopoetic form of absolute silence (used at the time an English speaker might expect to hear the sound of crickets chirping or a pin dropping in a silent room). It is used in English as well with terms like bling, which describes the shine on things like gold, chrome or precious stones. (see wikipedia.org)
or in simple words is Sound symbolism.

and in japanese we can express want we feel,what we want, using sonkeigo, for easiest example :

peko-peko
ペコーペコ

it's mean hungry.
here the others example sonkeigo （尊敬語）
and remember that sonkeigo also one part from grammar in JLPT level 2.

doki-doki ドキードキ、sound of heart, bunyi jantung
example :
1. kanajo to atta toki itsumo doki-doki suru.
彼女　と　会った　時いつも　ドキードキ　する。
selalu dag dig dug bila bertemu dia.
my heart sound become faster (dug-dug) when i meet her.

(comment : oh...it's soo... romantic....hehhe)

here the other's list :
puru-puru, プループル、when we feel very cold, ungkapan bila kedinginan.
guta-guta ,グターグタ、when we feel very tired, ungkapan bila sangat kecapekan.
uro-uro, ウローウロ、when we can walk in straight movement, drunk people in street, terhuyung-huyung, 道にまよってとき。
gan-gan, ガンーガン、頭いたいとき、when we feel heart in our head, ungkapan sakit kepala.
peron-peron, ペロンーペロン、よっぱらたとき、 drunkenly expression, ungkapan ketika mabuk.

and here some sonkeigo word that become grammar in JLPT level 2
soro-soro, そろそろ, let's go,hurry, ayo segera berangkat.
-> mo jikan desu ga, sorosoro ikimasyou.
もう時間ですが、そろそろ　生きましょう。
it's the time, let's go hurry.
sudah waktunya, ayo berangkat.

hakihaki, はきはき、lucidly, dengan jelas.
-> kare ga,senseino sitsumon ni hakihaki to kotaeteita.
彼が、先生の質問にはきはきと答えていた。
he answer that problem with clearly.
dia menjawab pertanyaan gurunya dengan jelas.

noronoro, のろのろ,slowly,pelan-pelan.
iraira, いらいら、sebel
cyakucyaku, ちゃくちゃく、often, sering.
butsubutsu, ぶつぶつ、grumbling, ngomel.
magomago, まごまご、upset, bingung.
masumasu,ますます、grow,bertambah.
nyunyu,にゅにゅ、easy, mudah.

complete list manga sound

this complete list expression of manga sound although some meaning is not same.
http://www.oop-ack.com/manga/soundfx.html

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wakeganai, ha kangaerarenai, ha hasuganai

wakeganai is JLPT (Japan Language proficiency Test) grammar and phrase for Level 2, it's easy to use, but some times look difficult.

wakeganai is often use in conversation, this phrase will make conversation more strong, the meaning is same with ha kagaerarenai, and ha hasuganai.

the formula to write wakegenai is before this word use one of this below form :

1. V (ability from) + wakeganai
2. Adjective I form + kunai + wakeganai
3. Adjective Na form + na + wakeganai
4. Noun + no + wakeganai

here some example
1. sonna no muzukashi kanji ga kakeru wakegenai (= zettai ni kakanai)
そんな　の　難しい　漢字が　書ける　わけがない。
those difficult kanji is impossible to write.
huruf kanji yang itu sangat susah, tidak mungkin untuk menulisnya.


for those example above it's mean zettai ni kakanai, it possible to write but almost impossible to write, or.. about 99% will says impossible to write.
oK let's see example number 2.

2. usagi ha ninjin ga taberarenai wakeganai.
ウサギ　は　にんじん　が　食べられない　わけがない。
rabbit is impossible can not eat carrot.
kelinci tidak mungkin tidak mau makan wortel

for second example i use negatif ( in taberu) than wakaganai ( it's also negative) so we can see that the meaning become positive. and we got the meaning " that rabbit is impossible doesn't eat carrot, of course this statement belong the rabbit doesn't sick and others.
the others sample

here i write other sample using adjective Na form.
3. itsumo ishogashi souni sigoto wo site iru nakamura san ga hima na wakeganai.
いつも　忙しそうに　仕事を　している　中村さん　がひまな　わけがない。
nakamura san is always busy so impossible he have free time.
pak nakamura selalu sibuk, tidak mungkin dia punya waktu luang.

third example using adjective Na form before wakeganai.

わけがない/wakeganai
digunakan untuk menguatkan kalimat bahwa sesuatu mungkin atau tidak mungkin, sebelum kata wakeganai di gunakan.

1. Kt.Kerja (bentuk kemampuan) + wakeganai
2. Kt.sifat I + kunai + wakeganai
3. Kt.sifat Na form + na + wakeganai
4. Kt.Benda + no + wakeganai

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- no darouka, desyouka

no darouka it's same with desyouka, but desyouka use in formal condition and polite from.

when we can use no darouka
we can use to talk with our friends, or same age with us.
isn't good used in formal event or talk with our boss or our leader.

here the example
some my indonesian friend's request to also write the mening in Indonesian language, so at this post i write in 3 language.

1. natsu nanoni naze samui darouka?
夏なのに　なぜ　寒いだろうか
it's summer right? why it's cold?
musim panas kenapa dingin ya?

2. naze nihonjin ha aruku no ga hayai darouka
なぜ　日本人　は　歩くのが　あはやい　だろうか。
why Japaneses people fast when walking ?
kenapa orang jepang cepat bila berjalan?

3. naze nihonjin ha tama sakana taberareru no darouka
なぜ　日本人　は　たま　魚食べられる　のだろうか。
why japanese people can eat raw fish?
kenapa orang jepang bisa makan ikan mentah?

that's some example sentence, hope it' use full

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Won't you do (verb), V.masenka

... masenka, is usual to use as invitation, we can invite some one by using this form, it's can mean that we invite some one to do something like party, play some music and other's, the from are

Verb, Masenka
Won't you do

for example

トラ君明日あそびに行きませんか
tora kun, ashita asobini ikimasenka?
hey tora, tomorrow will you come to my house.

ひまだったら、図書館へ行きませんか。
himadattara, tosyokan he ikimasenka.
if you have free time, will you (with me) going to library

明日花火に行きますか
ashita hanabi ni ikimasenka
Won't you going to see fireworks tomorrow ?

this usage is for inviting some one to do some thing, rather than just asking theri intentions.

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Please let me do, V (sa) sete kudasai

it's polite from to gain some permission from some one. it's more polite than V.te kudasai.
this form also very often and usual used to gain permission from someone to do some thing. the basic formula is

"Verb Causative from+ てください"
Please let's me do Verb

here some example

私に払わせてください
watashini harawasete kudasai
please, let me pay...

疲れましたから　ちょっと休ませてください
tsukaremashita kara chotto yasumasete kudasai
cause i'm tired please let's me take a rest.

この設計はぜひ私にさせてくださいませんか
kono sekkei ha sehi, watashini sasetekudasaimasenka
please let's me do those design.

私に運転させてください
watashini unten sasetekudasai
please let's me drive.

後で戻って来ますから、ちょっと　このかばんを置かせてください。
ato modotte kimasu kara, chotto kono kaban wo okasetekudasai.
becouse i'll back, please hold the bag for me.

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V. tari + V tari, Enumeration

it's important to answer some question about what we do in Sunday, or in holiday, some times we will answer like, "i read a book, writing kanji and learn japanese"

when use tari, use the following formula
V.a tari + V.b Tari simasu
do Verb.a and Verb.b and other...

for example
本を読んだり、テレビを見たりします
hon wo yondari, terebi wo mitari
reading a book and watching TV

カラオケをしたり、買い物したりします
karaoke wo sitari, kaimonositari simasu
doing karaoke, and shopping

this expression is used when listing up two or three of variety things that one does.

here other example
子供のごろ　毎日　公園で　あそびたり　歌をうたりします
kodomono goro mainichi kouen de asobitari utawoutari shimasu
when (i) child everyday i playing in ground, and singing a song.

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Potential Verbs Exception

some of verb that was have nuances potential verb doesn't have potential form, or when intransitive verb have nuances of potential, there is no need to make them into the potential form. There are two verbs [見える] and [聞こえる] that mean that something is visible and audible

see some sample expression below :
1. dana san, sumimasen, koe ga yoku kikoemasen.
ダナさん、すみません、声が良く聞こえません。
Mr. dana, sorry (I) can hear your voice clearly

2. megane kakerebe, chisai ji mo yoku miemasu.
メガネ　かければ、小さい字も　良く見えます。
if using glasses, (I) can see a small letter as well.

3. kyoharereba, mukono yama ga mieru.
今日は晴れば、山が見える。
if cleared up today the mountain will visible.

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Potential Verbs - Expressions of Ability

To express ability and potential we can use two different way
1. By attaching the phrase "~ koto ga dekiru （～ことができる）" after the basic form of the verb, for example :
- Nihongo o hanasu koto ga dekiru / 日本語を話すことができる/ (I) can speak Japanese.
- kanji o kaku koto ga dekiru / 漢字を書くことが出来る。/ (I) can write kanji
note :
"~ dekiru （～できる）" can also be directly attached to a noun, if a verb is closely associated with its direct object. with previous sample
- nihongo ga dekiru　/ 日本語ができる。/ (I) can (speak) Japanese.
- kanji ga dekiru / 漢字ができる。 / (I) can (write) kanji.

2. By potential form of the verb.
hanasu, 話す - hanaseru、話せる
kaku、書く - kakeru、書ける
The potential form indicates that something is possible but no actual action is actually taken

how to make potential verb, look at picture below


for Group 1, from basic from or dictionary from, erase the last letter (picture above blocked with Grey color, it's usually u group like : u, tsu, ku, mu, nu, fu, ru) than change with e group in the same row than plus with ru, for example kaku, erased ku change with ke than plus with ru, so it become kakeru.

for Group 2, for dictionary from, just plus with rareru

for Group 3, suru will change with dekiru, and kuru with korareru

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Vru youni, V.nai youni, To do (verb)

there are various ways to express purpose or something to do, this pattern also can use to express our purpose, see the pattern below :

V.ru youni , sentence 2
or
V.ru nai youni, sentence 2

this pattern also can be use to connecting other sentence, see the example below :
1. 学生にも分かるように、先生はやさしいで　説明します。
gakusei nimo wakaru youni, sensei wa yasashii de setsumeisimasu.
student has to understand, teacher explain clearly.

2. かぜをひかないように、良く食べてください。
kazewo hikanaiyouni, yoku tabete kudasai.
to prevent cold、please eat well.

3. 英語出来るように、毎晩本を読む。
eigo dekiru youni, maiban hon o yomu.
to able to (speak) English language, every night read (English) book

Vocabulary / kotoba / 言葉
学生　：　gakusei : student
先生　： sensei : teacher
説明する　：　setsumei suru : explain
かぜ　：kaze : cold
食べる　: taberu : eat
出来る　：　dekiru : can, able to
毎晩　：maiban : every night
本　：　hon : book

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Obtain Objective, purpose - tameni

tameni is also one kind to express purpose or obtain objective, see the pattern below

V.ru/Dictionary + tameni
(ｖ。る　ために)
in order to

how to use those pattern, see example below
1. 日本語を勉強する　ために　日本へ　行く。
nihongo o benkyousuru tameni nihon e iku.
in order to learn japanese language, (I) go to japan.

2. 学校　では　何を　ために　勉強して　いる　でしょう。
gakko dewa nani o tameni benkyousite iru desyou.
at the school, what are studying to be

3. 家族　の　ために　働いて　います。
kazoku no tameni hataraite imasu.
for family, i working.

Grammar
both noun and verb can put at front of tameni,
if using verb, use dictionary from, or V.ru, see example number 1
if using Noun, between noun and tameni place particle no, see example number 3.
for ask "what for?" we can use expression "nani o tameni", see example number 2.

Verb of violation
Don't use potential verbs in front of tameni, because it's became confusing. see example below
先生の　字　を　良く見えるために、前の方にすわります。（X)
sensei no ji wo yoku mieru tameni, maeno hou ni suwarimasu.
those sample is wrong because use potential verb, (mieru)
the right sentence is using Vru/Dictionary from, below

先生の字を良く見る　ために、前の方にすわります。
sensei no ji o yoku miru tameni, mae no hou ni suwarimasu.
in order to see more clearly the teacher's letter,(i) sit in front.

tameni is used when we want to express objective more directly than ni ikimasu.

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Obtain Objective, purpose - Ni ikimasu

to obtain objective or purpose in Japanese language they are six expression that we can use, it are

1. Ni ikimasu （に　行きます）
2. Vru /V.dictionary + noni (ｖ。る　のに）
3. Vru/V.dictionary + tameni (ｖ。る　ために)
4. Vru/V.dictionary + youni (ｖ。る　ように)
5. Vru/V.dictionary + naiyouni (ｖ。る　ない　ように)
6. Noun no tame　ni (N.てめに)

now let's learn ni ikimasu, see the phrase below

Purpose + Ni + verb Movement

What is Verb Movement ?


verb of movement i verb that have meaning of movement, for example
ikimasu （行きます）to go
kaerimasu （帰ります）go back
kimasu （来ます）come

see the example sentence below
1. 毎金曜日　買いものに　行きます
mai kinyoubi kaimono ni ikimasu
every Friday going to shopping.

2. 日曜日暇なら　遊びに行くんだ。
nichiyoubi hima nara asobi ni ikunda
If (I) have time on Sunday, i going to play.

3. 山田さん　は　何をしに　来たの。
yamadasan wa nani wo sini kitano.
what for yamada san come?

4. 僕　は　ロビー　へ　新聞を読みに　行きます。
boku wa robi e shinbun wo yomini ikimasu.
will go to the lobby to read newspaper.

Grammar
before ni ikimasu, we can put
Noun, if put noun we can use those formula without change the noun, see sentence example number 1 and 2.
Verb, when use verb, we must you Vni, for V.ru/V.dictionary change ru with ni for group 1, erase ru for group 2 and change suru with sini for groups 3, for example
読む　－　読み　－to read
飲む　－　飲み - to drink
食べる　－　食べ　－to eat
勉強する　－　勉強しに　－　to learn

in case the purpose or objective is serious, ni ikimasu should not use, ru tameni is prefer to use.

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V.naide, without V.ing, instead V.ing

after verb + naide (ないで),when first sentence have negative format with te form (て）is often followed by another sentence and some times, indicate a manner or situation that carried out. see the example below

日本で、何も　言わないで食事を　始めるは　良くない。
nihonde, nanimo iwanaide syokuji o hajimeru wa yokunai.
in japan, its not good to begin a meal without saying anything.

今朝から　何も食べないで　歩いては　行けません。
kesa kara nanimotabenaide aruite ha ikemasen.
(i)can not walking without eat anything from this morning.

図書館へ行かないので、家で勉強する学生もいる　。
tosyokan e ikanainode ie de benkousuru gakuseimo iru.
they are students who study at home instead of going to library.

勉強しないで、試験を受けるのはよくない。
benkyousinaide, siken wo ukeruno wa yokunai
it's not good take the exam without studying first.

ok, this phrase is intermediate grammar, so mybe a little confusing and difficult, Ganbatte !!

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Complete explanation of Tokoro Desu

at this blog was explain that phrases contains tokoro desu, consist of three parts they are :

1. dictonary form + tokoro desu.
2. te form + iru tokoro desu.
3. ta form + tokoro desu.

the true meaning of tokoro is place, but if joint with others sentence and phrases, the meaning was change, see more at posting before about tokoro desu.

to explain more clearly what the different of each phrases iru tokoro see this picture below
1. dictonary form + tokoro desu.

those picture shown someone prepare to eating, at those time the right expression is
taberu tokoro desu
食べる　ところ　です

2. te form + iru tokoro desu.


at those picture you see that somebody eating something, this condition is perfect when we use te from + tokoro desu.so the right expression is

tabete iru tokoro desu
食べて　いる　ところです

3. ta form + tokoro desu.


those picture shown that somebody have just already ate, at this situation the right expression is

tabeta tokoro desu
食べた　ところ　です。

from explanation in each post about tokoro desu, and this post, we hope this explanation more completely and easy to understanding.

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