explanation of dekiru-can, able to in Japanese Language

出来ますか？

Do you can?

Bisa ga?

 

Here some verb form of dekiru    

Dictionary form	Dekiru	出来る
Masu form	Dekimasu	出来ます
Nai form (negative)	Dekinai	出来ない
Masen (negative)	Dekimasen	出来ません
Reba (If possible)	Dekireba	出来れば
Tai form ( want)	Dekitai	出来たい
Ta form (past form)	Dekita	出来た
Ta form (polite)	Dekimasuta	出来ました

 

Use to explain that subject can do some thing

digunakan untuk menjelaskan bila subyek dapat mengerjakan sesuatu, atau mempunyai sesuatu kemampuan.

See some example below

 

彼女は日本語が出来ます。

Kanojyo ha nihongo ga dekimasu

She can speak Japanese.

Dia dapat berbicara bahasa Jepang

 

彼は運転が出来ます

Kare ha unten ga dekimasu.

He can drive.

Dia dapat menyetir.

 

Use with yoku

Beside use particle ga before dekimasu, yoku also use to make sentence have meaning that subyek can do well.

Tambahan yoku berarti dia sangat dapat, atau dapat melakukan dengan baik.

See some example below

 

彼女は料理が良く出来ます

Kanojyo ha ryouri ga yoku dekimasu.

She can cook well.

Dia sangat pandai/bisa memasak.

 

Negative sentence sample

私は運転が出来ない。

Watashi ha unten ga dekinai.

I cannot drive.

Saya tidak bisa menyetir.

 

For information, before dekiru / dekimasu/ dekinai, is Object (noun) + particle ga, this is basic formula using dekiru.

Rumus Umumnya sebelum dekiru digunakan Object (noun) + partikel ga.

 

Use to explain some work that finished, commonly use in intransitive verb

 

料理が出来ました。

Ryouri ga dekimashita.

The dish is finished.

Masakan sudah selesai.

 

仕事が出来ました

Shigoto ga dekimasita.

The work is finished.

Kerjaan sudah selesai.

 

空港の前に新しいホテルが出来た。

Kuukouno mae ni atarashii hoteru ga dekita.

A new hotel was completed in front of the airport.

Hotel baru selesai di bangun di depan Bandar udara.

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using phrase sika (しか） - japanese tutorial

shika usually use to express, only or no more than, it can use for people and things, it can use after subject, object, number or counter, after V.ru (dictionary form), and after some particle . The basic grammar and formula for shika is only one, it's usually use with negative sentence. Here some example

1. use after subject

彼女しか会議のときに遅れませんでした。

Kanojyo sika kaigi no toki ni okuremasendeshita.

Only she was late when meeting begin.

Nobody but she came late at the meeting.

Hanya dia yang terlambat ketika rapat.

 

2. use after object

コーヒしか飲めません。

Ko-hi sika nomemasen.

Only coffee can be drunk.

Hanya kopi yang bisa diminum

村川さんは卵しか食べません。

Murasawasan ha tamago sika tabemasen.

Murasawa eats nothing but egg.

Only egg that Murasawa can eats,

Bpk. Murasawa hanya bisa makan telor.

 

3. use after particle

ここまでしか歩けません。

Koko made sika arukemasen.

It is possible to walk only here.

Hanya bisa berjalan kaki sampai sini

今夜は６時にしか食事しません。

Konya ha 6 ji ni sika syokujisimasen.

It eats only at six o'clock tonight.

(kita) hanya bisa makan sampai jam 6 malam

 

4. after dictionary (v.ru)

この紙で書くしかありません。

Kono kami de kaku sika arimasen,

We can write only with this paper.

Kita hanya bisa menulis dengan kertas ini

 

赤い電車で乗るしか出来ません。

Akai densya de noru sika dekimasen.

It is possible only to get on with a red train.

Hanya bisa pergi dengan kereta merah.

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verb yasui, verb nikui- easy to do (V), hard to do (v)

this simple formula to express something difficult to do and something hard to do, basic formula to conjugate verb with nikui （にくい）and yasui （やすい）first must learn second verb sound change.

Verb second sound
the hiragana at the end of the verb should be changed to the second sound (a i u e o), from dictionary verb form change vokal U with i at the end of word. that formula use when verb end with U vokal in groups I.
for example

nomu > nomi ( to drink)
kaku > kaki ( to write )
yomu > yomi ( to read )
kiku > kiki ( to listen)
kau > kai ( to buy)
uru > uri ( to sell)
narau > narai ( to learn)


For Groups II, end with ru and before ru is e vocal group (A, I , U, E, O),
for this groups verb, doesn't need to change, but just delete the ru in end of verb
for example
taberu > tabe (to eat)
kakeru > kake ( to use)
manaberu > manabe ( to learn)


exception, groups III
for miru change with mi, and kuru with ki suru with shi
benkyou suru > benkyou shi ( to study)
shoji suru > shoji shi ( to clean)

Easy To Do Verb + yasui

to express that something is easy to to, just put verb that learn in above before yasui, for example

1. easy to eat
tabe + yasu = tabe yasui
食べやすい。

2. easy to study
benkyoushi + yasui = benkyou shiyasui
勉強しやすい。

3. easy to sell
uri + yasui = uri yasui
売りやすい。

4. easy to listen
kiki + yasui = kiki yasui
聞きやすい。

5. this medicine is easy to drink
kono kusuri ha nomiyasui desu.
この　くすり　は　飲みやすいです。

Hard To Do, Verb + Nikui
same with yasui, just replace yasui with nikui, for example

1. difficult to eat
tabe + nikui
食べにくい

2. nato is difficult to eat
nato ha tabenikui desu
ナト　は　食べにくいです。

3. english is difficult to learn
eigo ha benkyoushiyasui desu.
英語は勉強しにくいです。

4. kanji is difficult to write.
kanji ha kakinikui desu.
漢字は　書きにくいです。

Read more »

imasu vs arimasu - existence

to Establishing the fact that a thing exists in Japanese language use two types, imasu (います）and arimasu （あります）but to saying something or some one exist have two different, The verbs imasu and arimasu. These both mean "to exist." Imasu is used for animate things like : human and animal or something life and arimasu is used for inanimate things like car, computer, bag, bicycle, and others.
look at example below :

います
imasu

田中さん　が　います。
tanaka san ga imasuka
Mr. Tanaka is (here) ?

猫がここに　いますか。
neko ga koko ni imasuka
Here is neko here ?

教室　に　男の人が　います。
kyousitsu de otokonohito ga imasu.
there is man in class room.

to answer question using imasu

Q : 中林さん　が　部屋　で　いますか。
　：nakabayashi san ga heya de imasuka
: is Mr.Nakabayashi at the room ?

A(+) : はい、います
: hai, imasu
: yes, he is

A(-) : いいえ、いません
　　　: iie, imasen
: no, he is not

あります
arimasu

明日試験が　ありますか
ashita siken ga arimasuka?
is the Test tomorrow?

白いと青い　ビル　が　ありますね
shiroi to aoi biru ga arimsune.
There is a big and white building

きの　たくさん　本を　買いました　から、今　お金が　ぜんぜん　ありません。
kino takusan hon wo kaimsita kara, ima okanega zenzen arimasen.
because tomorrow (I) buy a lot of books, now i don't have a money.

to answer question using arimasu

Q : むこに　銀行　が　ありますか
: muko ni ginkou ga arimasuka ?
: is there a bank over there?

A(+) : はい、あります/ある。
　　　：hai, arimasu / aru.
: yes, there is.
A(-):いいえ、ありません。
　　　: iie, arimasen.
: no there is not.

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How ... , how long, how to -donogurai,do noyouni

to ask How in Japaneses Language, we can say with Do no youni , but if your sentence after how to is verb for example : how to read, how to write, is more easy to understand for Japanese people when you say with (...kata), see more example below

How to take this picture
dono youni kono kazou wo torimasuka

どのように この画像を取りますか。

How to make this cake
do no youni kono ke-ki wo tsukuru?

どのようにこのケーキを作る

sentence below use ... + kata to express how to + ..., learn the different with last sentence,

how to use this machine
kono kikai no tsukai kata wa dou desuka?
この　機械　の　使い方　は　どうですか。

how to write kanji ?
kanji no kakikata wa doudesuka ?
かんじ　の　書き方　は　どうですか。

How long
to express how long ... diffent with both of ... kata and dono youni, but use Dono gurai, for example

How long have you been here ?
donogurai koko ni irunoka.
donogurai koko ni imasuka.
どの　ぐらい　ここに　いるのか。

How much time will it take?
donogurai jikan ga kakarimasuka
どのぐらい　時間　が　かかりますか

Read more »

te (form) + iru tokoro desu

continued from previous post about tokoro desu(ところ）, now if before word tokoro is te from and iru, the meaning is still doing (V.ing), is same as When we talk about events that are actually happening now, or the present continuous tense in English grammar. here the formula

-ing form
Verb (te form) + iru tokoro desu,

here is the example

今食べているところです。
ima tebete iru tokoro desu.
now, we are eating.

then what the different from te iru, actually we can use te iru to express present continuous tense, but te form + iru tokoro is polite from, and this form have more intention what we feeling when doing conversation. see more example below to, firts example using tokoro and second sample using shite iru

1. A: kaigino shiryou wa mou dekimashitaka ?
会議の　資料　は　もう　できましたか。
have you finished the meeting stuff ?
B :sumimasen, mada desu . ima jyunbishite iru tokoro desu.
　　　　すみません、まだ　です。　今準備しているところ　です
i'm sorry , not yet. now still preparing.

2. A: ima nanio shite imasuka?
　　　　今　何を　していますか。
what you doing now?

B: heya o syoujishite imasu.
　　　　部屋を　商事して　います。
(I'm) cleaning my room

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will+Verb. Ing (just) ...tokoro desu

... tokoro desu, have some meaning, at this post is will explain first meaning if before word tokoro is jisyou kei (dictionary form) the sentence will have "will+V.ing" , here the example

A :ocha o mo nondaka?
do you have drink the tea?

B: iie, korekara nomu tokoro desu.
not yet, from now i will drink the tea.

not always but korekara is a completely nice words to accomplice before tokoro used.
korekara have meaning from now　or from this.

this the other example in more complete sentence:
ちょうど　今から　ケーキ　を　食べる　ところ　です、一緒に　いかが　ですか。
cyoudo ima kara keki o taberu tokoro desu, isshouni ikaga desuka.
happenstance/accidentally from this we will eating cake, let's eat it together.

Read more »

Mr. yamaguchi give me a book - ... watashini kureta

reverse from previous post, at this post we will learn to express givenness from any body to our, as you can see at the title.

Mr. yamaguchi give me a book
yamaguchi san wa watashini hon o kuremashita.
山口さん　は　私に　本を　くれました。

why use kuremashita, remember the rule that ageru, agemasu or agemashita (in past form) can not use to express givenness to our self. then how to express ? you must says with kuremashita, kureta. the formula is

A (names/she/he) + give + me + .. (Noun)
A (names/she/he) + wa + watashi ni+ ..(Noun) o + kuremashita

see more example below
先生は　私に　カメラを　くれました
sensei ha watashini kamera o kuremasita
teacher give me camera

村さんは　私に　二つりんごを　くれました
murasan ha watashini futatsuringo o kuremasita
Mr. mura give me twice apple

那賀林さん　は　私に　赤い靴　を　くれた。
kobayashisan ha watashini akai kutsu o kureta.
Mr.Kobayashi give me a red shoes.

Read more »

te form - japanese verb

after we learn how to make dictionary form in Japaneses verbs, now let's learn how to make te- form （て）in Japaneses verbs,
first i want to tell that your computer is able to read Japaneses words, like kanji and furigana, although in other way I'll still write some in romanji,

as we know from others post, that Japanese verbs, divide into 3 groups (see at conjugation post), The -te form of a verb which does not have a tense or mood combines with other verb forms. if you know well about ta-from, It may be formed from the plain past tense by changing the ending -ta to -te. but if you don't know much about ta - form, don't worry, see the pattern below in each groups.

Groups 1
trow away ki line in masu form, or ku line in dictionary form, and change by formula below :
ki --> i te
kakimasu -> kaku -> kaite (write)
kikimasu -> kiku -> kiite (listen)
hatarakimasu -> hataraku -> hataraite (work)

gi --> i de
isogimasu -> isogu - > iso ide (hurry)

mi --> n de
nomimasu -> nomu -> nonde (drink)
yomimasu -> yomu -> yonde (read)

bi --> n de
yobimasu -> yabu - > yonde (calling people)

ri --> tte
furimasu -> furu -> futte
arimasu -> aru -> atte
kaerimasu -> kaeru -> katte (buy)
norimasu -> noru -> notte ( go ing with )

chi --> tte
tachimasu -> tachiru - tatte
machimasu - > - matte

shi -> - te
kashimasu -> kashu -> kashite
hanashimasu -> hanashu -> hanashite

Groups2
from masu form, throw away the masu and change with te, or from dictionary from, trow the ru and change with te, see below

tabe-masu -> tabe-ru ->tabe-te ( eat)
oshie-masu -> oshie-ru -> oshiete (give a lesson)

exception :
mi-masu -> miru -> mite
oki-masu -> okiru -> okite

groups 3
same as groups2, trow the shimasu and chage with shite , or form dictionary form, trow the suru change with shite.

renraku shimasu -> renraku suru -> renraku shite
shimasu - > suru -> shite

exception
kimasu - kuru - kite

Read more »

Japanese Verbs - Verb Conjugations

last post i was write a lot of useful phrase, because some phrase use verb, and in Japanese verbs will change depend on usage, it's become problem if we doesn't know about verb change and verb conjugations in Japanese,

in Verb conjugations, japanese verbs divide into 3 groups, we called group 1,2 and group 3, here a brief explanation for each groups
actually and usually when we learning Japanese use masu form, like tabemasu, kakimasu, nomimasu, akimasu etc, why because it's polite. beside that form, various form in japanese verb are, te form,dictionary form, ta form, syou from, and others

Groups 1
all Japanese verbs that end with i vowels like ki, i, ri, shi, chi,mi, etc, before masu, include groups 1,but just very litle exception like mimasu (groups 2)
here the sample
kakimasu - write
nomimasu -drink
kikimasu listen
arimasu - have, exist
kashimasu - give to borrow
machimasu - wait
kaimasu - buy
furimasu - rain is drop
yomimasu - read
araimasu - wash
hairimasu - enter (room)
ikimasu - going to
asobimasu - playing

Groups 2
all Japanese verbs that end with e vowels like, ke, me, re, te, he, etc before masu in masu form is groups 2, except mimasu, abimasu, imasu, kimasu( have vowels i but include groups 2)
example
tabemasu - to eat
misemasu - give sea some think
abimasu - get shower
akemasu - open
dekimasu - able to
demasu - out
imasu - exist (for human, and animal)
kaemasu - change
kakemasu - make a phone call
kangaemasu - think
kimasu - wear ( clothes)
kuremasu - give (to me)
nemasu - sleep
yamemasu - stop ( from comapany, school etc)

Groups 3
all verb that end with shimasu, or verb that at end always using word shimasu,is group 3, here for example
shimasu - doing
benkyou shimasu - learning, studying
jisshu shimasu - practice
kengaku shimasu - looking at factory
kimasu - come (exception)
shoukai shimasu - introducing (some one)
sooji shimasu - cleaning
unten shimasu - ride a car
kekkon shimasu - get married

you must not forget those rule, becouse is important when we change a verb from other form to another form

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what you doing ?

tanaka is teacher is senior high sechool, when he give same practice to his student, he found yamada doing something wrong

tanaka : yamada kun, nani wo yatte irun da?
yamada : ah.. eeto.. origamai desu
tanaka : origami..!! ima wa mathematic no rensyu da yo
yamada : so desuka..
tanaka : un, jya kono tesuto yatte mitte
yamada : watashi desu ka ?
tanaka : mochiron, hayaku..!!
yamada : demo chotto.. mathematic ha omosirokunai sensei
tanaka : kankei nai.. yatte miyo !
yamada : hai... ganbarimasu..

here is translation in Inglis

tanaka : yamada what you doing now!!
yamada : ah.. making origami
tanaka : arigami, now is time for mathematic lesson
yamada : are you sure
tanaka : youp, now do it this test sheet
yamada : for me ?
tanaka : of course, do it faster
yamada : but.. teacher mathematic is not interesting for me
tanaka : no relation, let's do it
yamada : oke, i will

here is the grammar for v. ing
in japanese v.ing usually use following grammar
te form + imasu (polite)
te from + iru

here some example
what you doing
nani wo yatte iru da?
nani wo yatte imasuka ? (polite)

i am eating rice now
watashi ha gohan wo tabate irum desu
watashi ha gohan wo tabete imasu (polite)

i learning kanji now
watashi ha kanji wo benkyou shite imasu
watashi ha kanji wo benkyou shite iru

how to make or convert te from from dictionary form ?
see other tutorial

Read more »

Japanese Basic Words Order

Sentence structure
The basic Japanese word order is Subject Object Verb. Subject, Object, and other grammatical relations are usually marked by particles, which are suffixed to the words that they modify, and are thus properly called postpositions.

The basic sentence structure is topic-comment. For example, Kochira-wa Tanaka-san desu (こちらは田中さんです). Kochira ("this") is the topic of the sentence, indicated by the particle -wa. The verb is desu, a copula, commonly translated as "to be" or "it is" (though there are other verbs that can be translated as "to be"). As a phrase, Tanaka-san desu is the comment. This sentence loosely translates to "As for this person, (it) is Mr./Mrs./Miss Tanaka." Thus Japanese, like Chinese, Korean, and many other Asian languages, is often called a topic-prominent language, which means it has a strong tendency to indicate the topic separately from the subject, and the two do not always coincide. The sentence Zō-wa hana-ga nagai (desu)　(象は鼻が長いです) literally means, "As for elephants, (their) noses are long". The topic is zō "elephant", and the subject is hana "nose

BASIC WORD ORDER
The sentence order is very different from English. In English we use Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) but in Japanese it is usually Subject-Object-Verb (SOV). look at example below
English - I drink coffee (S - V - O)
Japanese - 私は　コーヒ　を　飲みます（watashi ha kohi o nomimasu) (S - O - V)

Make Question ?
when make question in japanese, you just add ka （か） in end of sentence, see example below :
雪さんはりんごがすきですか？ yukisan ha ringo ga suki desuka? - mrs.yuki do you like apple ?
田端さん、パンを食べますか？tabatasan ha pan wo tabemasuka? mr. tabata dou you eat bread ?
いつ　帰りますか？itsu kaerimasuka - when go home ?
この　かばん　は　いくらですか？kono kanban ha ikura desuka?- how much this bag ?
今、何時ですか？ima, nanji desuka - now what time is it ?

remember:

1.ha it spell with wa when it's became particle in sentence
2. particle かka is added to the end of statements
3. Word order is not changed as in English
4. In Japanese (see right example) the ? (Question mark) is not required (optional)
5. Just like in English, the last syllable goes up in intonation
6. In spoken Japanese sometimes the ka can be dropped if you have the upwards
intonation at the end. But for now, let's stick to using the ka

Read more »

Grammar Sumary Basic

This page is not meant to be comprehensive. It is merely a brief summary of a few points about Japanese grammar that beginners might find useful. If you have no clue about Japanese grammar, this is the place to start.

Japanese Word Order
In English sentences words are generally placed SVO (subject, verb, object). Ex: The girl eats the apple. The girl is the subject, eats is the verb, and the apple is the object.

In Japanese sentences, however, words are generally arranged SOV (subject, object, verb). Ex: Kore wa pen desu. Kore (this) is the subject, desu (is) is the verb, and pen is the object. (The use of wa is explained further down this page.)

In general, the beginner can assume Japanese word order to take the form of TTOPV - Topic/Time Object Place Verb.

Just a note on translating here. When beginning to study Japanese, people often make the mistake of translating too literally. For example, a person will read 'Pen desu.', which translates in English as 'It is a pen.'. But, the person will translate it as 'Pen it is.' because they don't allow for the change in word order between the languages. It may be hard at first, but please try not to 'cut and paste' between the two languages. That will only be difficult to unlearn later on.

Articles (a, an, the)
Japanese doesn't use any equivalent of a, an, or the. In translating from English to Japanese these can simply be dropped. In translating from Japanese to English be careful to put the correct article back in though. Since Japanese doesn't use them there may be cases where more than one of the articles is OK.

For example, the sentence Inu wa koko ni iru. can mean either 'A dog is here.' or 'The dog is here.'

Nouns and Pronouns
Most Japanese nouns do not change form as they can in English. For instance, most nouns (with the exception of nouns referring to people) have no plural form. Thus 'cat' and 'cats' are both the same word neko.

There are ways to show there is more than one of something if necessary. There are counters or words like takusan (many/a lot) or samazama (various).

Pronouns also don't change form as they do in English. As an example, she, her, and hers indicate the same person. However, in Japanese she, her, and hers are all indicated with the word 'kanojo' and a particle is used to determine which of the English equivalents is being used. Pronouns do usually have a plural form.

Particles
One of the first things that often throws English speakers when studying Japanese is particles. What is a particle? Well, it's something that the English language doesn't have that Japanese does.

Particles help you tell which part of a sentence is which. Particles always follow the word or clause they modify. Particles really have no meaning on their own; they just serve to modify sections of a sentence. (Some particles have a rough equivalent in English if they are of the 'preposition' variety.)

One of the most basic mistakes when starting to learn Japanese is to 'translate' the particles. Unfortunately there is often no good English equivalent. (For instance, Japanese uses a spoken question mark.) Thus translating too literally will make the English tend to come out strange. It may be difficult for English speakers who are used to every word having meaning, but try and think of most particles more as 'function' words as opposed to 'meaningful' words.

Counters
As stated in the nouns section, most words in Japanese do not have a 'plural' form. Instead different types of things have different counters. This is something similar to saying 'five glasses of water' in English. You wouldn't just say 'five water'. The difference with Japanese is that everything requires this type of qualifier. To see some types of counters, see the Counters page.

Name Suffixes
There are several name suffixes that are generally added to the end of names in Japanese.

-San is the usual suffix placed after names. It is a respectful term. This suffix is kind of like Ms. or Mr. but it is gender-neutral and makes no reference to marital status. -San should never be used after your own name.

-Sama is a more honorific form of -san. This is most often heard in the word okyaku-sama, honored guest/customer.

-Chan is a diminutive form of -san. It is usually used after the given name of close friends or younger family members. It is also used after the names of pets.

-Kun is a casual suffix. It is usually used after the names of peers in a casual situation. In schools, boys will often be addressed by this suffix. In office situations, higher ups will often address subordinates with this suffix.

All of the suffixes can be used for either sex. -San and -sama are also often used after titles in addition to names. The example of okyaku-sama is given above.

Read more »

Using Desu

Desu です(to be) is the most basic Japanese verb. Note that desu, like other Japanese verbs, comes at the end of the sentence, this is commonly used in:

Introduce Your Self
私はアメリカ人です。Watashi wa Amerika jin desu.　
I am an American.

山本さんの車は大きいです。Yamamoto san no kuruma wa ookii desu.
Yamamoto's car is large.

Explain an impression.
富士山は　たいへん　きれい　です。fujisan wa taihen kirei desu.
Fuji Mountain is very beatifull.

東京は　横浜　より　人が　多い　です。Tokyo wa yokohama yori hito ga ooi desu.
Many people in Tokyo than Yokohama

Explain an thing
これは　あなたの　パソコン　ですか？korewa anatano pasocon desuka.
this is your computer?
はい　そうです。hai sou desu.
youp it's my computer.

これは　本です。korewa hon desu.
this is a book

Polite answer
伸びたさん　は　何さい　ですか？nobita san wa nansai desuka.
how old Mr.Nobita?
２１　さい　です。21 sai desu.
21 years old

今　何時　ですか？ima nanji desuka.
what time is it ?
１　時　です。ichi ji desu.
one a clock.

大阪　まで　どの　ぐらい　かかりましか？Osaka made dono gurai kakarimasuka.
How long the time until Osaka?
２　時間　ぐらです。ni jikan gurai desu.
About 2 ours.

事務所は　どこ　ですか。Jimushyuo waa doko desuka ?
Where is the office ?
事務所は　あそこ　です。Jimushyu0 wa asoko desu.
Office is over there.

when you hear a question using desu at end of sentence, is pollite to answer those question using desu at the end of sentence too

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