ga dekimasu, i can..., able to

the simple way to express that we can do something is by "... ga dekimasu" it's mean i can.. or i able to, for the example, i can drive, you can says "watashiwa unten ga dekimasu" or " unten suru koto ga dekimasu" see more example below

if we using Noun the basic grammar that we must use is
N + ga dekimasu
ができます
able to ...

if we using verb the basic grammar formula is
(Dictionary form) verb + koto ga dekimasu
。。。　ことができます
can., able to...

example
私はかんじ　が　読めることができます。
watashi ha kanji ga yomeru koto ga dekimasu.
i able to read kanji

私は感じが　書くことができます。
watashi ha kanji ga kaku kotoga dekimasu
i able to write kanji.

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tara ii desu ka, ..should....

this the others basic grammar in Japanese, ... tara ii desu ka, it's mean "... should have ...", but it's sometimes hove more meaning than that, so let's see example below to learn more.

Where should (I) ...
Doko .... tara idesuka

for example
Doko de kutsu wo kattara ii desuka
どこで　靴　を　買ったら　いいですか？
where should i buy shoes ?

doko de hon wo karitara ii desuka
どこで　本を　借りたら　いいですか。
where should i borrow the book ?

When should ...
itsu... tara ii desuka

example sentence
itsu kono posokon wo kittara ii desuka
いつ　この　パサコン　を　切ったら　いいですか
when i should turn of this computer ?

itsu kono akai botan wo ositara ii desuka
いつ　この　赤い　ボタン　を　押したら　いいですか。
when i should click this red button ?

What Should i do
Do shitara ii desuka

this simple expression is important, especially when we late, or we confuse what must we do if something wrong happen, basically by says " do shitara ii desuka" nihonjin (japanese people) was understand that you in confusing,
this more complete example

時間に　間に合わない　とこ　どしたら　いいですか。
jikan ni maniawanai toki doshitara ii desuka?
if i have late, what should i do ?

困った　ことが　あれば　どしたら　いいですか。
komatta koto ga areba doshitara iidesuka
if ia has troubled what should i do?

this various simple expression i hope useful for you, keep studying
勉強しましょう！！

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please... ( te-form) + kudasai

now we was learn about te-form, what for, this one of the ~te form structure is "~ te kudasai （～てください）," which expresses a request.

.... てください
... tekudasai
please .....

see more example below

1. 書いて　ください。kaite kudasai ーplease write.
２．読んで　ください。yonde kudasai - please read.
3. 食べて　ください。　tabete kudasai - please eat.
4. 来て　ください。　kite kudasai - please come, japanese people same times says " mata kite kudasai" it's mean " please come again "
5. 飲んで　ください。　nonde kudasai - please drink.
6. 教えて　ください。　oshiete kudasai - please teach (me).
7. 勉強して　ください。　benkyouhite kudasai - study please.
8. 待って　ください。 matte kudasai - please wait.
9. 立って　ください。　tatte kudasai - please stand up.
10. 言って　ください。　itte kudasai - please tell.
11. 見せて　ください。　misete kudasai - please　show.
12. 貸して　ください。kashite kudasai　please rent.
13. 見て　ください。 mite kudasai - please look.

now let's learn more with sentence
1. ちょっと　待って　ください。 chotte matte kudasai - please wait a minute, or more polite when we says しょしょ　待って　ください　－　shosho matte kudasai, it mean please wait a while.
2. ゆっくり　話して　ください。　yukkuri hanashite kudasai. －　please talk slowly.
3.　ボルペン　貸して　ください。　borupen kashite kudasai. - please borrow me a bullpens.

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te form - japanese verb

after we learn how to make dictionary form in Japaneses verbs, now let's learn how to make te- form （て）in Japaneses verbs,
first i want to tell that your computer is able to read Japaneses words, like kanji and furigana, although in other way I'll still write some in romanji,

as we know from others post, that Japanese verbs, divide into 3 groups (see at conjugation post), The -te form of a verb which does not have a tense or mood combines with other verb forms. if you know well about ta-from, It may be formed from the plain past tense by changing the ending -ta to -te. but if you don't know much about ta - form, don't worry, see the pattern below in each groups.

Groups 1
trow away ki line in masu form, or ku line in dictionary form, and change by formula below :
ki --> i te
kakimasu -> kaku -> kaite (write)
kikimasu -> kiku -> kiite (listen)
hatarakimasu -> hataraku -> hataraite (work)

gi --> i de
isogimasu -> isogu - > iso ide (hurry)

mi --> n de
nomimasu -> nomu -> nonde (drink)
yomimasu -> yomu -> yonde (read)

bi --> n de
yobimasu -> yabu - > yonde (calling people)

ri --> tte
furimasu -> furu -> futte
arimasu -> aru -> atte
kaerimasu -> kaeru -> katte (buy)
norimasu -> noru -> notte ( go ing with )

chi --> tte
tachimasu -> tachiru - tatte
machimasu - > - matte

shi -> - te
kashimasu -> kashu -> kashite
hanashimasu -> hanashu -> hanashite

Groups2
from masu form, throw away the masu and change with te, or from dictionary from, trow the ru and change with te, see below

tabe-masu -> tabe-ru ->tabe-te ( eat)
oshie-masu -> oshie-ru -> oshiete (give a lesson)

exception :
mi-masu -> miru -> mite
oki-masu -> okiru -> okite

groups 3
same as groups2, trow the shimasu and chage with shite , or form dictionary form, trow the suru change with shite.

renraku shimasu -> renraku suru -> renraku shite
shimasu - > suru -> shite

exception
kimasu - kuru - kite

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hajime ha, first...

this word, Hajime (始め） written, speel with hajimewa, it's has meaning first.., but some times, it's should be first time or first of all, it's depend of the sentence that we use, let's learn it by use the sentence

X : how your japanese ?
あなたの　日本語は　どう　ですか？
　　anatano nihongo ha dou desuka?
Y : first time i can not speak at all
始めは　ぜんぜん　話しません。
　　　hajimewa zensen hanasjimasen
X : how about hiragana and katakana ? you can write and read it ?
ひらがなと　かたかな　は　どうですか？もよめますか？かけますか？
hiragana to katakana ha doudesuka? mouyomemasuka? kakemasuka?
Y : i can read and write hiragana, but.. i can not write katakana
ひらがな　は　かくとよめることができる　でも　かたかなは　かけません。
　　　hiragana wa kaku koku to yomeru ga dekiru demo katakana wa kakemasen

初めて
First Time
if we want to say it's first time in japanese, you can say hajimete desu

X: in this year i was twice go to japan, how about you?
今年は二回日本へ　行きました。あなたはどう？
　　kotoshi ha nikai nihon he ikimasita, anata ha dou ?
Y : it's fisrt time
初めてです。
　　hajimete desu.

oke, below is more about same useful phrase or words, hope you like it to improve your japanese

First week
最初週(さいしょしゅう)
saisyoshu

first love
最初愛(さいしょあい)
saisyoai

first year
最初年(さいしょどし)
saisyodoshi

first day
最初日(さいしょび)
saisyobi

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