Japanese expression various meaning of "aida", during, while, for long time

aida, あいだ、 have various meaning, the truth meaning of aida is between, for example

A: ﾚｲｿﾞｺﾝ　は　どこにあるか。
rezokon ha dokoniaruka?
where is the refrigerator?
dimana kulkasnya ?

B : テブルとドア　の間よ。
teburuto doa no aida yo.
it's located at between table and door.
di antara meja dan pintu.

Other meaning of aida (間)
the other meaning that i mean it's like :
while, during, (selama, sedang)
aida can mean during, or while, when aida use to express during or while before aida is V.ru from / dictionary from, see example below
会議やっている　あいだ　静かにしてください。
kaigi yatte iru aida shizukani site kudasai.
please be quit, during the meeting.
mohon tenang selama rapat berlangsung.

食べるあいだ　タバコを　すわないでください。
taberu aida tabako wo tsuwanaide kudasai.
please don't smoking while eat.
Jangan merokok bila sedang makan.

for long time and for short time
aida can also have meaning for long time when it use together with nagai, the basic formula is
for long time - 長いあいだ　- Nagai aida - lama
for short time - 短いあいだ　- mijikai aida - sebentar.

for example
長いあいだ　会いませんでしたね。
nagai aida aimasendeshitane.
forlong time (we) doesn't meet.
lama ga ketemu yah

短いあいだしても　ちゃんと話されるですね。
mijikai aida sitemo chanto hanasareru desu ne.
although for short time, we talk well.
walau sebentar, kita ngobrolin banyak yah.

Other example
other example like, shigotono aida... (仕事のあいだ), it's same with isogashi naka (急がし中) that have meaning while you work, or in your busy time.

Note :
aida dapat bermakna sebentar dan lama bila di gabung dengan mijikai dan nagai, arti dari aida lebih lanjut bisa dilihat dari konteks dan isi pembicaraan.

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bikkuri, mendokusai, syouganai

for long time i doesn't write tutorial again, this because i focus to make some book, but its need more time to make book, at this post i want to tell three Japanese Expression that i like and hear it well. bikkuri, mendoukusai and syouganai.

first bikkuri /びっくり　
past from bikkurishita / びっくりした

this expression is use well to express something that make we surprised, some think new and interesting, for example

びっくりしただようね。お前ここにいるの。
bikkurishitadayoune,omaekokoni iruno
I'm surprised you are in here
kaget gw, elu disini
note : those expression use in non formal conversation,when converting in formal conversation is
びっくりしまっした、木下さんここにいっらしゃいました。
bikkurishimashita, kinositasan kokoni irrasyaimashita.
I'm surprised Mr.Kinosita here.
ah.. saya kaget, ternyata Bapak Kinosita juga disini.

mendoukusai /it's troublesome
めんどうくさい
menyusahkan

here for example use above expression
A : 何で車がここに止まるの。
nande kurama ga kokoni tomaruno
why you stop(park) the car here?
ngapain berhenti/parkir disini?
B : だって、むこはめんどうくさいよ。
datte, mukoha mendoukusaiyo
because (at there) troublesome.
wah.. disana ribet/menyusahkan


syouganai
しょうがない
to have no choice
tidak ada pilihan

A: やべ、パソコン　壊れちゃった。
yabee, pasokon kowarechatta
oh noo, the PC is broken
wadaw, PC gw rusak
B: ほんとに。。、え。。何で
hontoni..e... nande
are you sure, why ?
ah yang bener, kenape?
A : さっき　ぶつかったかも
sakki　butsukattakamo
i think it crash with somethink
sepertina abis nabrak sesuatu
B : ま　しょうがない　な
ma, syouganai na
yah, you don't have any choice.
ya (klo gt) mo gimana lagi

note
remember that the last conversation is also non formal conversation, you can use the non formal conversation with your friends.

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say almost using hotondo

hotondo have various meaning, it can mean : almost, a few, little, we can use hotondo as adjective verb, and it use both in first sentence and center of sentence. oke let's see some example below

first sentence
ほとんど　この　仕事は終わらない。
hotondo kono shigoto wa owaranai
this work almost doesn't done.
pekerjaan ini hampir tidak selesai

center sentence
今週は仕事たくさんあって日本語はほとんど勉強しません。
konsyuu wa shigoto takusan atte, nihongo ha hotondo benkyousimasen.
minggu ini banyak sekali kerjaan, hampir tidak belajar sama sekali.

すしは　ほとんど　食べません。
sushi wa hotondo tabemasen.
(I) almost doesn't eat sushi.
(saya) hampir tidak makan sushi sama sekali.

before hotondo is very common using particle wa. hotondo can followed by negative sentence and positive sentence like example above.

hotondo di gunakan untuk menyatakan hampir, baik di ikuti kalimat positif maupun kalimat negatif, seperti pada contoh di atas.

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as son as using shidai

shidai 次第、it's same with .. tara sugi, after something i will doing another think as soon as possible. shidai also include conjunction verb. here some sample sentence using shidai

after V.masu
この電車は松本着き次第、長野へ行く。
kono densya ha matsumoto tsuki shidai, nagano he iku.
as soon this train get Matsumoto will going to Nagano.
setelah sampai Matsumoto kereta ini segera ke Nagano.

この本は読み次第　あなたに送りたします。
kono hon ha yomi shidai anatani okuritasimasu.
I will send this book as soon as possible after has read it.
saya akan mengirim buku ini kepada anda segera setelah saya selesai membacanya.


after Noun
帰国次第　お電話を差し上げます。
kikai shidai odenwa wo sashiagemasu.
I will call you as soon as i get my country.

秋葉原　で　到着　次第　電話してください。
akihabara de toucyaku shidai denwashite kudasai.
please call as soon after arrived at akihabara.
mohon telpon secepatnya ketiksa sampai di Akihabara.

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express although using to iu noni

というのに　to iu noni can use to express although, this grammar is one type of verb conjugation, to indicate that one action/state takes places is quiet contrary to one expected, some formula that can use with to iu noni are

V.ru /V.ta (dictionary/past form) + To iu noni
N + To iu noni
Adj N + da + to iu noni
Adj I + to iu noni

OK, from formula above let's make some sentence

1. ii tenki to iu noni doko mo ikenai.
いい天気というのに　どこも　行けない。
although weather is fine i can't go anywahere.
walau hari ini cuaca bagus saya tidak bisa pergi kemana-mana.

sample one is using adjective I before to iu noni.

2. sensei ga waza waza hon wo kasite kudasatta to iu noni, yomimasitaka ?
先生が　わざわざ　本を 貸して下さった　というのに、読みましたか。
Your teacher kindly loaned a book to (you), (but) you haven't read it?
gurumu sudah meminjami buku bagus, tapi kamu tidak membacanya ya?

sample two is using past from (kudasatta) before to iu noni it's indicate that object (book/hon/本) was loaned. we can't use dictionary from (V.ru - kudasaru) becouse the meaning of the sentence is past.

3.tomodachi ga kuru toiunoni kare ga ie kara deta.
友達がくる　というのに　彼が　家から出た。
although he's friends will coming he went out.
walau temannya mau datang dia keluar rumah.

third sample is using V.ru a dictionary from before to iu noni, why becouse he's friend will coming it's mean doesn't coming yet. he's friend will coming is future form. becouse that use V.ru dictionary from before to iu noni is right choice, when we use past from, V.ta in third sample above the meaning of sentence will change " that he's friends was came"

oke for other example try to make sentences using phrase below

although it is dangerous
危ないというのに。。
abunai to iu noni ..

although it is beautiful
きれいだというのに。。
kireida to iu noni ..

To Iu Noni
adalah phrase yang termasuk intermediate grammar, digunakan sebagai kata sambung yang mempunyai arti walaupun, meskipun, yang kata pertama dan kata kedua mempunyai arti yang berlawanan. sebelum kata to iu noni bisa kata kerja bentuk kamus, bentuk lampau, kata sifat i, kata sifat na + da.

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v. ta totan, after doing that ...

totan can mean .. surutosuguni (するとすぎに）　or it mean that after we doing A we doing B, it's simple grammar but something that must remember is that before totan (とたん) is always Verb.ta form, look at simple formula below

V.ta + Totan
after that


todan, is also intermediate grammar for JLPT (Japan Language Proficiency Test) level 2,
here some example sentence using totan

彼女は　部屋を入ったとたん　ご飯を　食べた。
kanojyo ha heya wo haita totan gohan wo taberu
she eeting rice after enter the room
dia setelah masuk kamar langsung makan

外へ出たとたん、雨が　降りました。
soto he deta totan ame ga furimashita.
while gone to out side the rain come.
hujan turun begitu keluar.

i think 2 example is enough, becouse ta totan is not very difficult

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explanation of japanese language conjunction verb tabini

tabini , consist of two word, tabi and ni, here is kanji of tabini ,

度に, たびに

formula
before tabini is V.ru or dictionary form, so in simple formula
V.ru + tabini

tabini is conjunction verb, with mean every time, whenever, and each time.
here some example sentence using tabini.

レストラン　で　彼が会う度に　スパゲチィ　を　食べる。
resutoran de kare ga au tabini supagetyi wo taberu.
every time he meets me in restaurant he always eat spaghetti.
setiap kali bertemu dia di restoran (dia selalu) makan spageti

仕事は　終わる度に、コーヒ　を飲む。
shigoto ha owaru tabini, kohi wo nomu.
everytime finish the jobs, (I) drink coffee.
setiap kali pekerjaan selesai (saya) minum kopi.

電車に乗る度に　彼女　と　会って　仕事の話すを始める。
densyani noru tabini kanojyo to atte shigoto no hanasu wo hajimeru.
each time (I) enter the train i meet her then beginning conversation about our jobs.
setiap waktu masuk kereta, (aku) bertemu dia dan mulai mengobrol tentang pekerjaan.

ok three example i think enough.
Tabini, dipakai untuk mengungkapkan arti setiap kali, setiap waktu, sebelum kata tabini adalah kata kerja bentuk kamus (verb. ru)
lihat masing-masing contoh di atas.

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make sentence using sosite, unite sentences, conjunction

sosite, そして　is conjunction, some times mean and, after that, and then. this conjunction verb is usual use both in report and conversation, when you see TV program in japan, sosite is well used.

OK here some example
1. sosite place in beginning of sentence.
korekara basu de ikimasu. sosite densya ni norimasu.
これから　バス　で　行きます。そして　電車に　乗ります。
for now we go with bus, then with train.
sekarang kita pergi dengan bis, selanjutnya naik KRL (kereta api listrik).

2. sosite after v.te form.
ima no yotei ha hon wo yonde sosite kohi wo nomimasu.
今予定　は　本を　読んで　そして　コーヒ　を　飲みます。
schedule for now are reading book, after that drink some coffee.
jadwal sekarang adalah menbaca buku, lalu minum kopi.

sosite digunakan untuk menyambung kalimat, di depan kata sosite bisa berupa bentuk Verb te, maupun akhir suatu kalimat. artinya kurang lebih seperti, lalu, kemudian, selanjutnya.

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hodo, gurai meaning, and tsukai kata

here i try to explain hodo, this particle and phrase is common use to give expression about quantity,indicate approximation of amount, it's like gurai, in english we can says "about".

here some example sentence using hodo
Quantity, About.

1. kono shigoto ha ichi jikan hodo ato owaru to omou.
この　仕事　は　１時間ほど後終わると思う。
I think this jobs will finish about 1 hour later.
sekitar 1 jam lagi pekerjaan ini selesai.

2. nagano kara tokyo made densya de san jikan hodo kakarimasu.
長野から　東京まで　電車で　３時間ほど　かかります。
from Nagano to tokyo with train will spend about 3 hours.
dari Nagano ke tokyo dengan KRL membutuhkan waktu sekitar 3 jam.

Comparison, Like Usual
we can use hodo to compare situation, see example below.

1. kotoshi no natsu ha itsumo hodo atsusa da ne.
今年の夏は　いつもほど　暑さだね。
this year summer degree is like usual.
musim panas tahun ini, panasnya seperti biasanya ya.

Something Increase
hodo is also have meaning that something increase, the others will increase as well.
Ok, here example

nandemo,nankaidemo rensyuu sureba suru hodo, jyouzu ni narimasu.
何でも、何回でも　練習すればするほど　上手に　なります。
with everything,every time you take more practice, the better will you get.
dengan semua, dan berapakalipun mencoba dan mencoba terus, semakin bagus hasilnya.

actually from book that i read, hodo also have meaning to take specific situation, but becouse i didn't understand yet, i can explain at this post.

HODO
partikel hodo dapat mempunyai makna yang berbeda, dan dapat memiliki arti seperti halnya :
1. kira-kira, kurang lebih.
2. seperti biasanya, perbandingan kondisi.
3. peningkatan, berhubungan dengan sebab akibat.

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