Japanese expression various meaning of "aida", during, while, for long time

aida, あいだ、 have various meaning, the truth meaning of aida is between, for example

A: ﾚｲｿﾞｺﾝ　は　どこにあるか。
rezokon ha dokoniaruka?
where is the refrigerator?
dimana kulkasnya ?

B : テブルとドア　の間よ。
teburuto doa no aida yo.
it's located at between table and door.
di antara meja dan pintu.

Other meaning of aida (間)
the other meaning that i mean it's like :
while, during, (selama, sedang)
aida can mean during, or while, when aida use to express during or while before aida is V.ru from / dictionary from, see example below
会議やっている　あいだ　静かにしてください。
kaigi yatte iru aida shizukani site kudasai.
please be quit, during the meeting.
mohon tenang selama rapat berlangsung.

食べるあいだ　タバコを　すわないでください。
taberu aida tabako wo tsuwanaide kudasai.
please don't smoking while eat.
Jangan merokok bila sedang makan.

for long time and for short time
aida can also have meaning for long time when it use together with nagai, the basic formula is
for long time - 長いあいだ　- Nagai aida - lama
for short time - 短いあいだ　- mijikai aida - sebentar.

for example
長いあいだ　会いませんでしたね。
nagai aida aimasendeshitane.
forlong time (we) doesn't meet.
lama ga ketemu yah

短いあいだしても　ちゃんと話されるですね。
mijikai aida sitemo chanto hanasareru desu ne.
although for short time, we talk well.
walau sebentar, kita ngobrolin banyak yah.

Other example
other example like, shigotono aida... (仕事のあいだ), it's same with isogashi naka (急がし中) that have meaning while you work, or in your busy time.

Note :
aida dapat bermakna sebentar dan lama bila di gabung dengan mijikai dan nagai, arti dari aida lebih lanjut bisa dilihat dari konteks dan isi pembicaraan.

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bikkuri, mendokusai, syouganai

for long time i doesn't write tutorial again, this because i focus to make some book, but its need more time to make book, at this post i want to tell three Japanese Expression that i like and hear it well. bikkuri, mendoukusai and syouganai.

first bikkuri /びっくり　
past from bikkurishita / びっくりした

this expression is use well to express something that make we surprised, some think new and interesting, for example

びっくりしただようね。お前ここにいるの。
bikkurishitadayoune,omaekokoni iruno
I'm surprised you are in here
kaget gw, elu disini
note : those expression use in non formal conversation,when converting in formal conversation is
びっくりしまっした、木下さんここにいっらしゃいました。
bikkurishimashita, kinositasan kokoni irrasyaimashita.
I'm surprised Mr.Kinosita here.
ah.. saya kaget, ternyata Bapak Kinosita juga disini.

mendoukusai /it's troublesome
めんどうくさい
menyusahkan

here for example use above expression
A : 何で車がここに止まるの。
nande kurama ga kokoni tomaruno
why you stop(park) the car here?
ngapain berhenti/parkir disini?
B : だって、むこはめんどうくさいよ。
datte, mukoha mendoukusaiyo
because (at there) troublesome.
wah.. disana ribet/menyusahkan


syouganai
しょうがない
to have no choice
tidak ada pilihan

A: やべ、パソコン　壊れちゃった。
yabee, pasokon kowarechatta
oh noo, the PC is broken
wadaw, PC gw rusak
B: ほんとに。。、え。。何で
hontoni..e... nande
are you sure, why ?
ah yang bener, kenape?
A : さっき　ぶつかったかも
sakki　butsukattakamo
i think it crash with somethink
sepertina abis nabrak sesuatu
B : ま　しょうがない　な
ma, syouganai na
yah, you don't have any choice.
ya (klo gt) mo gimana lagi

note
remember that the last conversation is also non formal conversation, you can use the non formal conversation with your friends.

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say almost using hotondo

hotondo have various meaning, it can mean : almost, a few, little, we can use hotondo as adjective verb, and it use both in first sentence and center of sentence. oke let's see some example below

first sentence
ほとんど　この　仕事は終わらない。
hotondo kono shigoto wa owaranai
this work almost doesn't done.
pekerjaan ini hampir tidak selesai

center sentence
今週は仕事たくさんあって日本語はほとんど勉強しません。
konsyuu wa shigoto takusan atte, nihongo ha hotondo benkyousimasen.
minggu ini banyak sekali kerjaan, hampir tidak belajar sama sekali.

すしは　ほとんど　食べません。
sushi wa hotondo tabemasen.
(I) almost doesn't eat sushi.
(saya) hampir tidak makan sushi sama sekali.

before hotondo is very common using particle wa. hotondo can followed by negative sentence and positive sentence like example above.

hotondo di gunakan untuk menyatakan hampir, baik di ikuti kalimat positif maupun kalimat negatif, seperti pada contoh di atas.

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as son as using shidai

shidai 次第、it's same with .. tara sugi, after something i will doing another think as soon as possible. shidai also include conjunction verb. here some sample sentence using shidai

after V.masu
この電車は松本着き次第、長野へ行く。
kono densya ha matsumoto tsuki shidai, nagano he iku.
as soon this train get Matsumoto will going to Nagano.
setelah sampai Matsumoto kereta ini segera ke Nagano.

この本は読み次第　あなたに送りたします。
kono hon ha yomi shidai anatani okuritasimasu.
I will send this book as soon as possible after has read it.
saya akan mengirim buku ini kepada anda segera setelah saya selesai membacanya.


after Noun
帰国次第　お電話を差し上げます。
kikai shidai odenwa wo sashiagemasu.
I will call you as soon as i get my country.

秋葉原　で　到着　次第　電話してください。
akihabara de toucyaku shidai denwashite kudasai.
please call as soon after arrived at akihabara.
mohon telpon secepatnya ketiksa sampai di Akihabara.

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express although using to iu noni

というのに　to iu noni can use to express although, this grammar is one type of verb conjugation, to indicate that one action/state takes places is quiet contrary to one expected, some formula that can use with to iu noni are

V.ru /V.ta (dictionary/past form) + To iu noni
N + To iu noni
Adj N + da + to iu noni
Adj I + to iu noni

OK, from formula above let's make some sentence

1. ii tenki to iu noni doko mo ikenai.
いい天気というのに　どこも　行けない。
although weather is fine i can't go anywahere.
walau hari ini cuaca bagus saya tidak bisa pergi kemana-mana.

sample one is using adjective I before to iu noni.

2. sensei ga waza waza hon wo kasite kudasatta to iu noni, yomimasitaka ?
先生が　わざわざ　本を 貸して下さった　というのに、読みましたか。
Your teacher kindly loaned a book to (you), (but) you haven't read it?
gurumu sudah meminjami buku bagus, tapi kamu tidak membacanya ya?

sample two is using past from (kudasatta) before to iu noni it's indicate that object (book/hon/本) was loaned. we can't use dictionary from (V.ru - kudasaru) becouse the meaning of the sentence is past.

3.tomodachi ga kuru toiunoni kare ga ie kara deta.
友達がくる　というのに　彼が　家から出た。
although he's friends will coming he went out.
walau temannya mau datang dia keluar rumah.

third sample is using V.ru a dictionary from before to iu noni, why becouse he's friend will coming it's mean doesn't coming yet. he's friend will coming is future form. becouse that use V.ru dictionary from before to iu noni is right choice, when we use past from, V.ta in third sample above the meaning of sentence will change " that he's friends was came"

oke for other example try to make sentences using phrase below

although it is dangerous
危ないというのに。。
abunai to iu noni ..

although it is beautiful
きれいだというのに。。
kireida to iu noni ..

To Iu Noni
adalah phrase yang termasuk intermediate grammar, digunakan sebagai kata sambung yang mempunyai arti walaupun, meskipun, yang kata pertama dan kata kedua mempunyai arti yang berlawanan. sebelum kata to iu noni bisa kata kerja bentuk kamus, bentuk lampau, kata sifat i, kata sifat na + da.

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v. ta totan, after doing that ...

totan can mean .. surutosuguni (するとすぎに）　or it mean that after we doing A we doing B, it's simple grammar but something that must remember is that before totan (とたん) is always Verb.ta form, look at simple formula below

V.ta + Totan
after that


todan, is also intermediate grammar for JLPT (Japan Language Proficiency Test) level 2,
here some example sentence using totan

彼女は　部屋を入ったとたん　ご飯を　食べた。
kanojyo ha heya wo haita totan gohan wo taberu
she eeting rice after enter the room
dia setelah masuk kamar langsung makan

外へ出たとたん、雨が　降りました。
soto he deta totan ame ga furimashita.
while gone to out side the rain come.
hujan turun begitu keluar.

i think 2 example is enough, becouse ta totan is not very difficult

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explanation of japanese language conjunction verb tabini

tabini , consist of two word, tabi and ni, here is kanji of tabini ,

度に, たびに

formula
before tabini is V.ru or dictionary form, so in simple formula
V.ru + tabini

tabini is conjunction verb, with mean every time, whenever, and each time.
here some example sentence using tabini.

レストラン　で　彼が会う度に　スパゲチィ　を　食べる。
resutoran de kare ga au tabini supagetyi wo taberu.
every time he meets me in restaurant he always eat spaghetti.
setiap kali bertemu dia di restoran (dia selalu) makan spageti

仕事は　終わる度に、コーヒ　を飲む。
shigoto ha owaru tabini, kohi wo nomu.
everytime finish the jobs, (I) drink coffee.
setiap kali pekerjaan selesai (saya) minum kopi.

電車に乗る度に　彼女　と　会って　仕事の話すを始める。
densyani noru tabini kanojyo to atte shigoto no hanasu wo hajimeru.
each time (I) enter the train i meet her then beginning conversation about our jobs.
setiap waktu masuk kereta, (aku) bertemu dia dan mulai mengobrol tentang pekerjaan.

ok three example i think enough.
Tabini, dipakai untuk mengungkapkan arti setiap kali, setiap waktu, sebelum kata tabini adalah kata kerja bentuk kamus (verb. ru)
lihat masing-masing contoh di atas.

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make sentence using sosite, unite sentences, conjunction

sosite, そして　is conjunction, some times mean and, after that, and then. this conjunction verb is usual use both in report and conversation, when you see TV program in japan, sosite is well used.

OK here some example
1. sosite place in beginning of sentence.
korekara basu de ikimasu. sosite densya ni norimasu.
これから　バス　で　行きます。そして　電車に　乗ります。
for now we go with bus, then with train.
sekarang kita pergi dengan bis, selanjutnya naik KRL (kereta api listrik).

2. sosite after v.te form.
ima no yotei ha hon wo yonde sosite kohi wo nomimasu.
今予定　は　本を　読んで　そして　コーヒ　を　飲みます。
schedule for now are reading book, after that drink some coffee.
jadwal sekarang adalah menbaca buku, lalu minum kopi.

sosite digunakan untuk menyambung kalimat, di depan kata sosite bisa berupa bentuk Verb te, maupun akhir suatu kalimat. artinya kurang lebih seperti, lalu, kemudian, selanjutnya.

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hodo, gurai meaning, and tsukai kata

here i try to explain hodo, this particle and phrase is common use to give expression about quantity,indicate approximation of amount, it's like gurai, in english we can says "about".

here some example sentence using hodo
Quantity, About.

1. kono shigoto ha ichi jikan hodo ato owaru to omou.
この　仕事　は　１時間ほど後終わると思う。
I think this jobs will finish about 1 hour later.
sekitar 1 jam lagi pekerjaan ini selesai.

2. nagano kara tokyo made densya de san jikan hodo kakarimasu.
長野から　東京まで　電車で　３時間ほど　かかります。
from Nagano to tokyo with train will spend about 3 hours.
dari Nagano ke tokyo dengan KRL membutuhkan waktu sekitar 3 jam.

Comparison, Like Usual
we can use hodo to compare situation, see example below.

1. kotoshi no natsu ha itsumo hodo atsusa da ne.
今年の夏は　いつもほど　暑さだね。
this year summer degree is like usual.
musim panas tahun ini, panasnya seperti biasanya ya.

Something Increase
hodo is also have meaning that something increase, the others will increase as well.
Ok, here example

nandemo,nankaidemo rensyuu sureba suru hodo, jyouzu ni narimasu.
何でも、何回でも　練習すればするほど　上手に　なります。
with everything,every time you take more practice, the better will you get.
dengan semua, dan berapakalipun mencoba dan mencoba terus, semakin bagus hasilnya.

actually from book that i read, hodo also have meaning to take specific situation, but becouse i didn't understand yet, i can explain at this post.

HODO
partikel hodo dapat mempunyai makna yang berbeda, dan dapat memiliki arti seperti halnya :
1. kira-kira, kurang lebih.
2. seperti biasanya, perbandingan kondisi.
3. peningkatan, berhubungan dengan sebab akibat.

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sonkeigo, japanese language onomatopoeic

when i learn Japanese Language, this one is very interesting why becouse a lot of fun when learn onomatopoeic, what is onomatopoeic?
In many of the world's languages, onomatopoeia-like words are used to describe phenomena apart from the purely auditive. Japanese often utilizes such words to describe feelings or figurative expressions about objects or concepts. For instance, Japanese barabara is used to reflect an object's state of disarray or separation, and shiiin is the onomatopoetic form of absolute silence (used at the time an English speaker might expect to hear the sound of crickets chirping or a pin dropping in a silent room). It is used in English as well with terms like bling, which describes the shine on things like gold, chrome or precious stones. (see wikipedia.org)
or in simple words is Sound symbolism.

and in japanese we can express want we feel,what we want, using sonkeigo, for easiest example :

peko-peko
ペコーペコ

it's mean hungry.
here the others example sonkeigo （尊敬語）
and remember that sonkeigo also one part from grammar in JLPT level 2.

doki-doki ドキードキ、sound of heart, bunyi jantung
example :
1. kanajo to atta toki itsumo doki-doki suru.
彼女　と　会った　時いつも　ドキードキ　する。
selalu dag dig dug bila bertemu dia.
my heart sound become faster (dug-dug) when i meet her.

(comment : oh...it's soo... romantic....hehhe)

here the other's list :
puru-puru, プループル、when we feel very cold, ungkapan bila kedinginan.
guta-guta ,グターグタ、when we feel very tired, ungkapan bila sangat kecapekan.
uro-uro, ウローウロ、when we can walk in straight movement, drunk people in street, terhuyung-huyung, 道にまよってとき。
gan-gan, ガンーガン、頭いたいとき、when we feel heart in our head, ungkapan sakit kepala.
peron-peron, ペロンーペロン、よっぱらたとき、 drunkenly expression, ungkapan ketika mabuk.

and here some sonkeigo word that become grammar in JLPT level 2
soro-soro, そろそろ, let's go,hurry, ayo segera berangkat.
-> mo jikan desu ga, sorosoro ikimasyou.
もう時間ですが、そろそろ　生きましょう。
it's the time, let's go hurry.
sudah waktunya, ayo berangkat.

hakihaki, はきはき、lucidly, dengan jelas.
-> kare ga,senseino sitsumon ni hakihaki to kotaeteita.
彼が、先生の質問にはきはきと答えていた。
he answer that problem with clearly.
dia menjawab pertanyaan gurunya dengan jelas.

noronoro, のろのろ,slowly,pelan-pelan.
iraira, いらいら、sebel
cyakucyaku, ちゃくちゃく、often, sering.
butsubutsu, ぶつぶつ、grumbling, ngomel.
magomago, まごまご、upset, bingung.
masumasu,ますます、grow,bertambah.
nyunyu,にゅにゅ、easy, mudah.

complete list manga sound

this complete list expression of manga sound although some meaning is not same.
http://www.oop-ack.com/manga/soundfx.html

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wakeganai, ha kangaerarenai, ha hasuganai

wakeganai is JLPT (Japan Language proficiency Test) grammar and phrase for Level 2, it's easy to use, but some times look difficult.

wakeganai is often use in conversation, this phrase will make conversation more strong, the meaning is same with ha kagaerarenai, and ha hasuganai.

the formula to write wakegenai is before this word use one of this below form :

1. V (ability from) + wakeganai
2. Adjective I form + kunai + wakeganai
3. Adjective Na form + na + wakeganai
4. Noun + no + wakeganai

here some example
1. sonna no muzukashi kanji ga kakeru wakegenai (= zettai ni kakanai)
そんな　の　難しい　漢字が　書ける　わけがない。
those difficult kanji is impossible to write.
huruf kanji yang itu sangat susah, tidak mungkin untuk menulisnya.


for those example above it's mean zettai ni kakanai, it possible to write but almost impossible to write, or.. about 99% will says impossible to write.
oK let's see example number 2.

2. usagi ha ninjin ga taberarenai wakeganai.
ウサギ　は　にんじん　が　食べられない　わけがない。
rabbit is impossible can not eat carrot.
kelinci tidak mungkin tidak mau makan wortel

for second example i use negatif ( in taberu) than wakaganai ( it's also negative) so we can see that the meaning become positive. and we got the meaning " that rabbit is impossible doesn't eat carrot, of course this statement belong the rabbit doesn't sick and others.
the others sample

here i write other sample using adjective Na form.
3. itsumo ishogashi souni sigoto wo site iru nakamura san ga hima na wakeganai.
いつも　忙しそうに　仕事を　している　中村さん　がひまな　わけがない。
nakamura san is always busy so impossible he have free time.
pak nakamura selalu sibuk, tidak mungkin dia punya waktu luang.

third example using adjective Na form before wakeganai.

わけがない/wakeganai
digunakan untuk menguatkan kalimat bahwa sesuatu mungkin atau tidak mungkin, sebelum kata wakeganai di gunakan.

1. Kt.Kerja (bentuk kemampuan) + wakeganai
2. Kt.sifat I + kunai + wakeganai
3. Kt.sifat Na form + na + wakeganai
4. Kt.Benda + no + wakeganai

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(V.ru koto / Noun )+ Koso

sometimes we often hear japanese people says "kondo koso ne" or.... koso,
so what the meaning of ...koso?
koso doesn't have exact meaning, but when those phrase assembled together in sentence, the sentence will have powerful, have strong meaning imagine.

the formula to make .. koso is
(V.ru koto/Noun) + koso


here the little sample of koso
kondo no siken koso ganbaritai.
今度の　試験　こそ　がんばりたい。
(I) want to learn more seriously for the next exam.
saya ingin belajar lebih giat untuk ujian nanti.

before koso is always V.ru_koto or Noun, when before koso is noun we doesn't need to add Koto before koso, just straightly.

koso, digunakan untuk membuat kalimat berkesan lebih kuat, sebelum koso, digunakan bentuk kamus V.ru + koto, atau bisa sebelum koso adalah kata benda (Noun) tidak perlu di tambah dengan koto.

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- no darouka, desyouka

no darouka it's same with desyouka, but desyouka use in formal condition and polite from.

when we can use no darouka
we can use to talk with our friends, or same age with us.
isn't good used in formal event or talk with our boss or our leader.

here the example
some my indonesian friend's request to also write the mening in Indonesian language, so at this post i write in 3 language.

1. natsu nanoni naze samui darouka?
夏なのに　なぜ　寒いだろうか
it's summer right? why it's cold?
musim panas kenapa dingin ya?

2. naze nihonjin ha aruku no ga hayai darouka
なぜ　日本人　は　歩くのが　あはやい　だろうか。
why Japaneses people fast when walking ?
kenapa orang jepang cepat bila berjalan?

3. naze nihonjin ha tama sakana taberareru no darouka
なぜ　日本人　は　たま　魚食べられる　のだろうか。
why japanese people can eat raw fish?
kenapa orang jepang bisa makan ikan mentah?

that's some example sentence, hope it' use full

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Won't you do (verb), V.masenka

... masenka, is usual to use as invitation, we can invite some one by using this form, it's can mean that we invite some one to do something like party, play some music and other's, the from are

Verb, Masenka
Won't you do

for example

トラ君明日あそびに行きませんか
tora kun, ashita asobini ikimasenka?
hey tora, tomorrow will you come to my house.

ひまだったら、図書館へ行きませんか。
himadattara, tosyokan he ikimasenka.
if you have free time, will you (with me) going to library

明日花火に行きますか
ashita hanabi ni ikimasenka
Won't you going to see fireworks tomorrow ?

this usage is for inviting some one to do some thing, rather than just asking theri intentions.

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Please let me do, V (sa) sete kudasai

it's polite from to gain some permission from some one. it's more polite than V.te kudasai.
this form also very often and usual used to gain permission from someone to do some thing. the basic formula is

"Verb Causative from+ てください"
Please let's me do Verb

here some example

私に払わせてください
watashini harawasete kudasai
please, let me pay...

疲れましたから　ちょっと休ませてください
tsukaremashita kara chotto yasumasete kudasai
cause i'm tired please let's me take a rest.

この設計はぜひ私にさせてくださいませんか
kono sekkei ha sehi, watashini sasetekudasaimasenka
please let's me do those design.

私に運転させてください
watashini unten sasetekudasai
please let's me drive.

後で戻って来ますから、ちょっと　このかばんを置かせてください。
ato modotte kimasu kara, chotto kono kaban wo okasetekudasai.
becouse i'll back, please hold the bag for me.

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V. tari + V tari, Enumeration

it's important to answer some question about what we do in Sunday, or in holiday, some times we will answer like, "i read a book, writing kanji and learn japanese"

when use tari, use the following formula
V.a tari + V.b Tari simasu
do Verb.a and Verb.b and other...

for example
本を読んだり、テレビを見たりします
hon wo yondari, terebi wo mitari
reading a book and watching TV

カラオケをしたり、買い物したりします
karaoke wo sitari, kaimonositari simasu
doing karaoke, and shopping

this expression is used when listing up two or three of variety things that one does.

here other example
子供のごろ　毎日　公園で　あそびたり　歌をうたりします
kodomono goro mainichi kouen de asobitari utawoutari shimasu
when (i) child everyday i playing in ground, and singing a song.

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particle de

particle de , で　is use to tell place, or when we want to show the place that something done, we can use formula

Place + de + Verb　/ sentence

example

東京で　働いています。
tokyo de hataraite imasu.
(I) working in tokyo

家で　ご飯を　食べます。
ie de gohan wo tabemasu.
(I) eat meal in home.

アパトで　ご飯を　作ります。
apato de gohan wo tsukurimasu
(I) make meal in apartment.

大阪で　日本語を　勉強します。
Osaka de nihongo wo benkyousimasu.
(I) learn japanese in Osaka.

コンビニ　で　コーヒを買います。
combini de kohi wo kaimasu.
(I) buy coffe in convenient store

秋葉原で　パソコンを　売ります。
akihabara de pasokon wo urimasu.
(I) sell notebook in akihabara.

after you see the pattern, be careful for this sentence
tokyo ni imasu
i'm in tokyo

becouse the meaning is veru different.

Read more »

Usefull Daily expression of japanese

おはよう　ございます　－　Ohaya Gozaimasu - Good Morning, use until about 11 AM.
こんにちは　－　Konnichiwa (write with konnichiha) - Good Afernoon, use until sundown, but some time it's use in some greeting in television program although it was night.
こんばんは　－　konbanwa (write with konbanha) - Good evening.
お休みなさい - oyasumi nasai ( Good Night) - it use to say hello before going to bed, and sometimes use to say hello after working, or going home from office.
失礼します　－　shitsureishimasu - excuse me, it polite expression to says excuse me, or you just can saya " sitsurei.."
お元気ですか　- O genki desuka - " How do you today? " / you are fine to day?, use when asking some one condition.
また会いましょう　- Mata aimasyou - " see you later" use when say good by to some one, but maybe will meet again in other time. for your friends, you can also say "ja mata ne"
バンザイ　－banzai -When a bunch of people gather to celebrate something,
they often stand up at the same time, raise both arms over their
heads simultaneously, and shout banzai (hurrah) together three times.
ども　ありがとう　ございます　－ domo arigatou gozaimasu " you are welcome" this expression use to reply arigouto "thanks.
こひらこそ　-kochira koso - use to reply arigoto.
いただきます　－　itadakimasu - says before eat some food, and some times it mean thanks if we say it after we got same think.
お疲れさま　でした　- otsukaresama desita - " thanks for your work today" it say for sameone go home after work.
いかがですか　- ikaga desuka - "do you like it?" says after offering same think to somebody.
楽しみにしています　- tanoshi mini site imasu - says when we got offering some great think that scheduled in future.

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verb yasui, verb nikui- easy to do (V), hard to do (v)

this simple formula to express something difficult to do and something hard to do, basic formula to conjugate verb with nikui （にくい）and yasui （やすい）first must learn second verb sound change.

Verb second sound
the hiragana at the end of the verb should be changed to the second sound (a i u e o), from dictionary verb form change vokal U with i at the end of word. that formula use when verb end with U vokal in groups I.
for example

nomu > nomi ( to drink)
kaku > kaki ( to write )
yomu > yomi ( to read )
kiku > kiki ( to listen)
kau > kai ( to buy)
uru > uri ( to sell)
narau > narai ( to learn)


For Groups II, end with ru and before ru is e vocal group (A, I , U, E, O),
for this groups verb, doesn't need to change, but just delete the ru in end of verb
for example
taberu > tabe (to eat)
kakeru > kake ( to use)
manaberu > manabe ( to learn)


exception, groups III
for miru change with mi, and kuru with ki suru with shi
benkyou suru > benkyou shi ( to study)
shoji suru > shoji shi ( to clean)

Easy To Do Verb + yasui

to express that something is easy to to, just put verb that learn in above before yasui, for example

1. easy to eat
tabe + yasu = tabe yasui
食べやすい。

2. easy to study
benkyoushi + yasui = benkyou shiyasui
勉強しやすい。

3. easy to sell
uri + yasui = uri yasui
売りやすい。

4. easy to listen
kiki + yasui = kiki yasui
聞きやすい。

5. this medicine is easy to drink
kono kusuri ha nomiyasui desu.
この　くすり　は　飲みやすいです。

Hard To Do, Verb + Nikui
same with yasui, just replace yasui with nikui, for example

1. difficult to eat
tabe + nikui
食べにくい

2. nato is difficult to eat
nato ha tabenikui desu
ナト　は　食べにくいです。

3. english is difficult to learn
eigo ha benkyoushiyasui desu.
英語は勉強しにくいです。

4. kanji is difficult to write.
kanji ha kakinikui desu.
漢字は　書きにくいです。

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Potential Verbs Exception

some of verb that was have nuances potential verb doesn't have potential form, or when intransitive verb have nuances of potential, there is no need to make them into the potential form. There are two verbs [見える] and [聞こえる] that mean that something is visible and audible

see some sample expression below :
1. dana san, sumimasen, koe ga yoku kikoemasen.
ダナさん、すみません、声が良く聞こえません。
Mr. dana, sorry (I) can hear your voice clearly

2. megane kakerebe, chisai ji mo yoku miemasu.
メガネ　かければ、小さい字も　良く見えます。
if using glasses, (I) can see a small letter as well.

3. kyoharereba, mukono yama ga mieru.
今日は晴れば、山が見える。
if cleared up today the mountain will visible.

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Potential Verbs - Expressions of Ability

To express ability and potential we can use two different way
1. By attaching the phrase "~ koto ga dekiru （～ことができる）" after the basic form of the verb, for example :
- Nihongo o hanasu koto ga dekiru / 日本語を話すことができる/ (I) can speak Japanese.
- kanji o kaku koto ga dekiru / 漢字を書くことが出来る。/ (I) can write kanji
note :
"~ dekiru （～できる）" can also be directly attached to a noun, if a verb is closely associated with its direct object. with previous sample
- nihongo ga dekiru　/ 日本語ができる。/ (I) can (speak) Japanese.
- kanji ga dekiru / 漢字ができる。 / (I) can (write) kanji.

2. By potential form of the verb.
hanasu, 話す - hanaseru、話せる
kaku、書く - kakeru、書ける
The potential form indicates that something is possible but no actual action is actually taken

how to make potential verb, look at picture below


for Group 1, from basic from or dictionary from, erase the last letter (picture above blocked with Grey color, it's usually u group like : u, tsu, ku, mu, nu, fu, ru) than change with e group in the same row than plus with ru, for example kaku, erased ku change with ke than plus with ru, so it become kakeru.

for Group 2, for dictionary from, just plus with rareru

for Group 3, suru will change with dekiru, and kuru with korareru

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Japanese Question Phrase

Question phrase is important, becouse if we can use question very well, maybe we should not open a conversation, below are list of sample question with phrase.

1. Who ... (だれ。。）dare ...
2. when .... （いつ。。）itsu ...
3. Where ... (どこ。。）doko ...
where to ... (どこで。。するか）dokode ... suruka
4. Which ... (どちら。。）dochira
5. What.. (何。。）nani
6. Whether .. (。。するかどうか）... surukadouka.
7. How .. (どのように。。）donoyouni ...

Ok, which those seven basic question, let's make some sentence.
1. who
-who is he ? /彼はだれ。/kare wa dare?
-who is stand near televise ? /テレービの近くに立って人はだれ。/terebi no chikakuni tatte hito wa dare?

2. When
-when you go to japan? /いつ日本へ行きますか。/itsu nihon e ikimasuka?
-When you finish this work? / いつまでこの仕事終わる出来ますか。/itsu made kono shigoto owaru dekimasuka?

3. Where
-Where you buy those book? / この本どこで買いますか。/kono hon doko de kaimasuka?
-Where did you meet your girl friend? / 彼女とどこで　会いましたか。/kanajyo to doko de aimasitaka?

4. Which
-from both this camera, which one is good?/ 二つカメラようにどちらが良いのか。/futatsu kamera youni dochira ga yoinoka?
-Which one is difficult?/どちらが　難しいですか。/dochira ga muzukashi desuka?

5. What
-what is it ? /これは何。/korewa nani?
-What will you doing? / あなたは　何かするのか/ anata wa nanika surunoka?

6. Whether
-I don't understand whether she like or not./彼女は好きかどうか分かりません。/kanojyo wa tsuki ka douka wakarimasen.

7.How
-How to make chocolate? / どのようにチョコレトを作りますか。/donoyouni chokoreto wo tsukurimasuka?

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Favorite Japanese Expressions

here will explain various favorite Expressions in Japaneses language, this Expressions write based on experience when talk with Japaneses people, expression in movies, and television programs.

1. やった/yatta / I did it.
it says when we receive big opportunity, passing test, won the games, getting the jobs, or finish something. some times it can mean i got it.

2. そうですか/soudesuka/really?
it says when you have conversation with your partner then you hear something new information. it's can make conversation more nice.

3. スゲエ/sugoi/ Great!!
says it when you see or hear something amazing.

4. かわい/kawai/sweet, cute
it's use when your friend look cute, or more sweet. say it in party or when meet your friends.

5. よかった/yokatta / oh.. Good
says when you avoid from danger, sick or something terrible.

6. ほんと/honto/ really ?
this expression is same with soudesuka, but soudesuka is more polite.

7. ぜんぜん/ zenzen/ not at all.
it says when answered a question like, i'm disturbing you?, are you busy? and other's

8. 美しい/utsukushii / beautiful
says to express somethings beautiful, like scenery, art, photograph, human and other's.

9. 何/nani/ what's ?
says when you hear something that make you can't believe, or you want repeat what's your partners says, some times also have same meaning with nanda.

10. 信じられない　/ shinjirarenai / unbelievable
it's can express something wonderful or unbelievable thing.

11. どしよう/Doshiyou / what's should i do
it's can express when you doesn't have idea, or try to find solution

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Vru youni, V.nai youni, To do (verb)

there are various ways to express purpose or something to do, this pattern also can use to express our purpose, see the pattern below :

V.ru youni , sentence 2
or
V.ru nai youni, sentence 2

this pattern also can be use to connecting other sentence, see the example below :
1. 学生にも分かるように、先生はやさしいで　説明します。
gakusei nimo wakaru youni, sensei wa yasashii de setsumeisimasu.
student has to understand, teacher explain clearly.

2. かぜをひかないように、良く食べてください。
kazewo hikanaiyouni, yoku tabete kudasai.
to prevent cold、please eat well.

3. 英語出来るように、毎晩本を読む。
eigo dekiru youni, maiban hon o yomu.
to able to (speak) English language, every night read (English) book

Vocabulary / kotoba / 言葉
学生　：　gakusei : student
先生　： sensei : teacher
説明する　：　setsumei suru : explain
かぜ　：kaze : cold
食べる　: taberu : eat
出来る　：　dekiru : can, able to
毎晩　：maiban : every night
本　：　hon : book

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Purpose, In order to do (verb), V.ru noni

V.ru (dictionary) noni is also one kind to express purpose or obtain objective, see the pattern below

Sentence 1. + V.ru/V.dict + noni + Sentence 2 / Adverb
.... V.る＋のに＋。。
(sentence 1)+ tobe in order to + sentence 2 / Adverb

for more information see the example below
1.パソコン　は　部品の設計するのに　役に立ちます。
pasokon wa buhin no sekkei suru noni yakunitachimasu.
computer are very useful in order to design part.

2. ここから　駅へ行くのには　２時間かかります。
kokokara eki e iku noni　wa 2jikankakarimasu.
from here to station need 2 hours.

3.外国旅行をするのに　パスポートは大切です。
gaikoku ryokou o suru noni pasupoto wa taisetsu desu.
Passport is important in order to travel abroad.

you also can use this pattern to express pupose using V.ru noni
Use or objective noni + (use, necessary, useful, convenient, etc)

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Obtain Objective, purpose - tameni

tameni is also one kind to express purpose or obtain objective, see the pattern below

V.ru/Dictionary + tameni
(ｖ。る　ために)
in order to

how to use those pattern, see example below
1. 日本語を勉強する　ために　日本へ　行く。
nihongo o benkyousuru tameni nihon e iku.
in order to learn japanese language, (I) go to japan.

2. 学校　では　何を　ために　勉強して　いる　でしょう。
gakko dewa nani o tameni benkyousite iru desyou.
at the school, what are studying to be

3. 家族　の　ために　働いて　います。
kazoku no tameni hataraite imasu.
for family, i working.

Grammar
both noun and verb can put at front of tameni,
if using verb, use dictionary from, or V.ru, see example number 1
if using Noun, between noun and tameni place particle no, see example number 3.
for ask "what for?" we can use expression "nani o tameni", see example number 2.

Verb of violation
Don't use potential verbs in front of tameni, because it's became confusing. see example below
先生の　字　を　良く見えるために、前の方にすわります。（X)
sensei no ji wo yoku mieru tameni, maeno hou ni suwarimasu.
those sample is wrong because use potential verb, (mieru)
the right sentence is using Vru/Dictionary from, below

先生の字を良く見る　ために、前の方にすわります。
sensei no ji o yoku miru tameni, mae no hou ni suwarimasu.
in order to see more clearly the teacher's letter,(i) sit in front.

tameni is used when we want to express objective more directly than ni ikimasu.

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Obtain Objective, purpose - Ni ikimasu

to obtain objective or purpose in Japanese language they are six expression that we can use, it are

1. Ni ikimasu （に　行きます）
2. Vru /V.dictionary + noni (ｖ。る　のに）
3. Vru/V.dictionary + tameni (ｖ。る　ために)
4. Vru/V.dictionary + youni (ｖ。る　ように)
5. Vru/V.dictionary + naiyouni (ｖ。る　ない　ように)
6. Noun no tame　ni (N.てめに)

now let's learn ni ikimasu, see the phrase below

Purpose + Ni + verb Movement

What is Verb Movement ?


verb of movement i verb that have meaning of movement, for example
ikimasu （行きます）to go
kaerimasu （帰ります）go back
kimasu （来ます）come

see the example sentence below
1. 毎金曜日　買いものに　行きます
mai kinyoubi kaimono ni ikimasu
every Friday going to shopping.

2. 日曜日暇なら　遊びに行くんだ。
nichiyoubi hima nara asobi ni ikunda
If (I) have time on Sunday, i going to play.

3. 山田さん　は　何をしに　来たの。
yamadasan wa nani wo sini kitano.
what for yamada san come?

4. 僕　は　ロビー　へ　新聞を読みに　行きます。
boku wa robi e shinbun wo yomini ikimasu.
will go to the lobby to read newspaper.

Grammar
before ni ikimasu, we can put
Noun, if put noun we can use those formula without change the noun, see sentence example number 1 and 2.
Verb, when use verb, we must you Vni, for V.ru/V.dictionary change ru with ni for group 1, erase ru for group 2 and change suru with sini for groups 3, for example
読む　－　読み　－to read
飲む　－　飲み - to drink
食べる　－　食べ　－to eat
勉強する　－　勉強しに　－　to learn

in case the purpose or objective is serious, ni ikimasu should not use, ru tameni is prefer to use.

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Sorry, I late because...

Sorry I late because traffics jam

the conversation below held between Mr.Nakayama (Mr.N) and Mr.Kobayashi (Mr.K) when Mr.Nakayama late because traffics jam.

Japanese kanji, kana version

中山：遅れてしまって　すみません。。
小林：今　何時。どうしたの中くん。
中山：すみません。。六時から　道が　込んでいたので　なかなか　時間遅れてしまいました。
小林：や。。、でもさ。。中くん　毎日　いつも　電車に　のって　だよ。。どして　今日車で行ったの。
中山：ええ。。　はい。ええと。。今晩　やくそく　ありましたから。　もし　電車　使うはめんどうと　思います。
小林：やくそく！！、今晩　残業できないですか。
中山：やくそく　ありましたし、今日も　水曜日ですから。
小林：そか。。そがないな。。じゃ。。会議　始めよう。
中山：はい。

spelling in romanji

Mr.N : okuretesimatte sumimasen..
Mr.K : ima nanji? doushitano nakakun (Mr.N)
Mr.N : sumimasen.. rokujikara michi ga konde ita node nakanaka jikan okuretesimaimashita.
Mr.K : ya.. demosa.. nakakun mainichi itsumo densyani notte dayo.. doshite kyou　kuruma de ittano.
Mr.N : ee.. hai, eeto.. konban yakusoku arimashitakara. mosi densya tsukauwa mendou to omoimasu.
Mr.K : yakusoku !!?, konban zangyou dekinaidesuka?
Mr.N : yakusoku arimashitashi,kyou mo suiyounidesukara.
Mr.K : soka.. soganaina.. jya.. kaigi hajimeyo.
Mr.N : Hai

Meaning :
Mr.N : please..forgive.. i'm late
Mr.K : What's time is it? Why Mr.Naka ?
Mr.N : i'm sorry, becouse there was traffic jam from 6 a clock so it's difficult not late.
Mr.K : hmm.. but everyday Mr.Naka always going by train right? why this day by car ?
Mr.N : e.. hai, because tonight i have appointment, I think it's difficult if going by car.
Mr.K : Appointment !! To night will not take overtime?
Mr.N : beside i have appointment, this day is Wednesdays (Some Company in japan make Wednesday as family day)
Mr.K : soka... I don't have words any more... Let's start meeting
Mr.N : oke

Vocabulary
今晩 : konban : to night
電車　: densya : train
込んでいる　：konde iru : traffic jam
(に) のる　：to go by
やくそく　：yakusoku : Appoitment
残業　：zangyou : Overtime
会議　：kaigi : meeting
水曜日：suiyoubi : Wednesday

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before .. / mae ni

to explain something what we do or done before something, we can use mae ni (前に), this expression used to explain V1 before v2. see the example below :

寝る　前に　ドアを閉めなさい。
neru maeni doa wo simenasai.
Closed the door before going to bed.

私は日本へ来る前に少し日本語を　勉強しました。
watashi wa, nihon e kuru maeni sukoshi nihongo wo benkyoushimasita.
I have learned Japanese for a little, Before I came to Japan.

昨日会社に行く前に　銀行　に　行った。
kinou kaisya ni iku maeni ginkou ni itta.
yerterday i went to bank before went to office.

now let's try make your own sentence.
ganbatte!!

vocabulary
日本 = nihon = japan
会社　= kaisya = company, office, depend on sentence
寝る = neru = sleep
来る　= kuru = come
勉強する　= benkyou suru = to learn, to study.

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when.., toki

to express when at the last time i done something, in Japaneses language we can use toki, (時）,see the example below:

私はテレビを見るとき　コーヒを飲みます。
watashiwa terebi wo miru toki kohi wo nomimasu.
When looking TV, I drink a coffee.

さびしいときも嬉しいときも彼女は良くこの音楽を聞きます。
sabishii tokimo ureshii toki mo kanojo wa yoku kono ongaku wo kikimasu.
when sad or happy she always listen this music.

私は結婚したとき、祖母は泣きました。
watashiwa kekkon sita toki, sobo wa nakimashita.
When I was married, the grandmother cried.

Grammar
from three sentence sample we can consider that :
1. Verb before toki （とき）and after toki has not relationship.
2. The verb before toki and after toki, happen at same time.
3. toki can use both past and future sentence.

before toki become V.ru (now and future form) or V.ta (past form) is unrelated yo the tense of the main clause. in case where the action before toki is already complete and there is second action,you should use V.ta (past form)
in cases that the action is not complete or simultaneous action (now and future) you should use V.ru

example sentence number 1 and 3 are using v.ru, sample sentence number 2 using V.ta
Ganbatte
ガンバッテ　！！

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V.naide, without V.ing, instead V.ing

after verb + naide (ないで),when first sentence have negative format with te form (て）is often followed by another sentence and some times, indicate a manner or situation that carried out. see the example below

日本で、何も　言わないで食事を　始めるは　良くない。
nihonde, nanimo iwanaide syokuji o hajimeru wa yokunai.
in japan, its not good to begin a meal without saying anything.

今朝から　何も食べないで　歩いては　行けません。
kesa kara nanimotabenaide aruite ha ikemasen.
(i)can not walking without eat anything from this morning.

図書館へ行かないので、家で勉強する学生もいる　。
tosyokan e ikanainode ie de benkousuru gakuseimo iru.
they are students who study at home instead of going to library.

勉強しないで、試験を受けるのはよくない。
benkyousinaide, siken wo ukeruno wa yokunai
it's not good take the exam without studying first.

ok, this phrase is intermediate grammar, so mybe a little confusing and difficult, Ganbatte !!

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when - itsu

every japanese sentence sample consists of three parts, first is english meaning, second is japanese sentence in hiragana, katakana and kanji, third is spelling in romanji. to see kanji, katakana or hiragana you must install or set enable japanese language in your computer.

to ask times, day and schedule. itsu is easy and important word to use. let's learn more about how to ask schedule, day and related other's by example sentence below :

When
いつ
itsu

when you go to japan ?
いつ　日本　へ　行くのか/行きますか。
itsu nihon e ikunoka/ ikimasuka.

when the rain come ?
いつ　雨　が　ふって　のか/ふりますか。
itsu ame ga futte noka/ furimasika?

when is he coming back ?
いつ　彼　は　戻って来るのか/来ますか。
itsu kare wa modotte kurunoka/kimasuka.

from those example i hope you can make your own sentence. Ganbatte!

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it's important to - taisetsu desu

to express something important, we should use this phrase

it is important to ...
... する　こと　は大切です
... suru koto wa taisetsu desu.

when says something important, placed your sentence before suru koto , here for the example :

Learn physics is important
物理学を学ぶが大切です。
butsurigaku wo manabu ga taisetsu desu.

it is important to study Japanese every day
日本語を毎日勉強すること　は大切です。
nihongo o mainichi benkyousuru koto wa taisetsu desu.

practicing sport's regularly is important
スポーツの練習を定期的に　すること　は　大切です。
supo-tsu no rensyuu wo teikiteki ni suru koto wa taisetsu desu.

for the last example we can also said without suru koto :
supo-tsu no rensyuu wo teikiteki ni wa taisetsu desu

Have Nice Benkyou !

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imasu vs arimasu - existence

to Establishing the fact that a thing exists in Japanese language use two types, imasu (います）and arimasu （あります）but to saying something or some one exist have two different, The verbs imasu and arimasu. These both mean "to exist." Imasu is used for animate things like : human and animal or something life and arimasu is used for inanimate things like car, computer, bag, bicycle, and others.
look at example below :

います
imasu

田中さん　が　います。
tanaka san ga imasuka
Mr. Tanaka is (here) ?

猫がここに　いますか。
neko ga koko ni imasuka
Here is neko here ?

教室　に　男の人が　います。
kyousitsu de otokonohito ga imasu.
there is man in class room.

to answer question using imasu

Q : 中林さん　が　部屋　で　いますか。
　：nakabayashi san ga heya de imasuka
: is Mr.Nakabayashi at the room ?

A(+) : はい、います
: hai, imasu
: yes, he is

A(-) : いいえ、いません
　　　: iie, imasen
: no, he is not

あります
arimasu

明日試験が　ありますか
ashita siken ga arimasuka?
is the Test tomorrow?

白いと青い　ビル　が　ありますね
shiroi to aoi biru ga arimsune.
There is a big and white building

きの　たくさん　本を　買いました　から、今　お金が　ぜんぜん　ありません。
kino takusan hon wo kaimsita kara, ima okanega zenzen arimasen.
because tomorrow (I) buy a lot of books, now i don't have a money.

to answer question using arimasu

Q : むこに　銀行　が　ありますか
: muko ni ginkou ga arimasuka ?
: is there a bank over there?

A(+) : はい、あります/ある。
　　　：hai, arimasu / aru.
: yes, there is.
A(-):いいえ、ありません。
　　　: iie, arimasen.
: no there is not.

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