Used to express that the verb has the ability to perform, for example, can be eaten (taberareru), can be drunk (nomeru), can be written (Kakeru), can be discarded (suterareru) and others. Rules to change the verb into verb potential are
〜る verbs
〜る ==> 〜られる
食べる (taberu) ==> 食べられる (taberareru/eatable)
捨てる(suteru) ==> 捨てられる (suterareru/discarded)
〜う verbs
u ==> eru
読む(nomu) ==> 読める (nomeru/drinkable)
話す(hanasu) ==> 話せる (hanaseru/able to talk)
書く (kaku) ==> 書ける (kakeru/writable)
Irregular verbs
くる (kuru) ==> こられる (korareru/come)
する (suru) ==> できる (dekiru / can / able to)
Alternative way of indicating potential:
v.TA + ことができる
[ex: 書いたことができる/can write]
General Note
1. verbs that already indicate potential or ability cannot be conjugated into potential form [ex: 分かる/wakeru」
2. potential/ability verbs such as 分かる、見える、聞こえる、take the particle が not を
3. while both the potential verb form and v.TA + ことができる are translated as "can" "able to," v.TA + ことができる carries the slightly different naunce of something being possible or impossible
4. once in the potential verb form, all verbs, regardless of whether they are initially 〜る, 〜う, or irregular function as 〜る verbs and can be conjugated accordingly to get negative, polite, past etc. forms
Posted in: intermediate grammar,potential verb
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